Abstract
As it was mentioned by Peter Harris in his fundamental book Carbon Nanotube Science, there is uncertainty surrounding the question who actually discovered CNTs, and this probably explains why no Nobel Prize has been awarded in this area. However, in the case of single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWCNH), there are no doubts that they were discovered by Iijima et al. in 1999. From that time, SWCNHs have been subjected to intensive experimental and theoretical studies. In this chapter, we discuss the synthesis and structure of SWCNHs and the morphology and application of those materials. We also discuss the process of nanowindow creation and control, SWCNH filling with, for example, fullerenes and drugs, and recent progress in the creation of realistic atomistic model of SWCNH. Finally, we discuss the most promising applications of SWCNH basing on the reports of different authors as well as on the simulation results reported in our group.