Abstract
The research project behind this Case Study focused on exploring the combinations of factors explaining high national mathematics performance in one of the most influential international large-scale assessments, namely the Programme for International Student Assessment. This Case Study evaluated why qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is the most appropriate analytic method for the project. I considered the existing literature on Program for International Student Assessment math performance, QCA characteristics, and my theoretical underpinnings to address it. This Case Study also illustrated the strategies employed to ensure reliable and trustworthy research findings. These strategies encompass mitigating biases, engaging with ongoing debates within the field of QCA, and enhancing transparency and analytic rigor throughout the project. I reflect on hurdles encountered during major analytic steps and offer practical resources and strategies to guide researchers conducting future QCA studies. This Case Study emphasizes the importance of maintaining an open, curious, critical, and resilient mindset throughout the learning and application of QCA as well as the dissemination of results. It also highlights the necessity of allowing extra time for learning, revision, and making adjustments, if required. This reflection will equip researchers with the skills and knowledge necessary for applying QCA to explore the complexity inherent in social science phenomena systematically.
