Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a small seeded plant, and its seeds are used in various food items as well as for oil extraction. Sesame seeds are rich in vitamin B-complex, dietary fiber, oil, protein, antioxidants, and minerals; especially, iron, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and magnesium. Despite its nutritional and medicinal value, it remains a neglected crop and mostly grown in marginal lands. It has very low water and fertilizer requirements. Due to the high nutritional value, lower input requirements, and adaptation to marginal lands, sesame can be a very good smart food crop of future. In this chapter, we discussed botany, global distribution, nutritional significance, production technology, and adaptation strategies of sesame to climate change scenarios.