Abstract
This chapter synthesizes practical, field-tested protocols for larval rearing from hatch through pre-weaning and nursery transfer across a wide range of marine finfish species. While focused on tropical and subtropical taxa, the principles described apply broadly to marine aquaculture. Larval ontogeny is described through yolk-sac, pre- and post-flexion, swim bladder inflation, metamorphosis, and nursery transition. Comparative methodologies are presented for intensive flow-through systems, RAS and hybrid systems, and semi-intensive mesocosm approaches, including operational decision points for water exchange (100–2000% d−1), aeration, and oxygenation. A central emphasis is placed on microbial control, including source-water treatment, live-feed hygiene, and management strategies to suppress opportunistic pathogens. Evidence increasingly suggests that early microbiome establishment plays a critical role in larval performance, and the use of probiotics is discussed. Critical developmental bottlenecks—first feeding, swim bladder inflation, and metamorphosis—are analyzed, with management solutions including self-cleaning tanks, continuous dosing systems, and grading to control cannibalism. Particular emphasis is given to live-feed quality and production protocols, recognizing their central importance for larval survival and robustness.