Book chapter
Tradition and transition: Parasitic zoonoses of people and animals in Alaska, northern Canada, and Greenland
Advances in Parasitology, Volume 82, Vol.82, pp.33-204
Academic Press
2013
Abstract
Zoonotic parasites are important causes of endemic and emerging human disease in northern North America and Greenland (the North), where prevalence of some parasites is higher than in the general North American population. The North today is in transition, facing increased resource extraction, globalisation of trade and travel, and rapid and accelerating environmental change. This comprehensive review addresses the diversity, distribution, ecology, epidemiology, and significance of nine zoonotic parasites in animal and human populations in the North. Based on a qualitative risk assessment with criteria heavily weighted for human health, these zoonotic parasites are ranked, in the order of decreasing importance, as follows: Echinococcus multilocularis, Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella and Giardia, Echinococcus granulosus/canadensis and Cryptosporidium, Toxocara, anisakid nematodes, and diphyllobothriid cestodes. Recent and future trends in the importance of these parasites for human health in the North are explored. For example, the incidence of human exposure to endemic helminth zoonoses (e.g. Diphyllobothrium, Trichinella, and Echinococcus) appears to be declining, while water-borne protozoans such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Toxoplasma may be emerging causes of human disease in a warming North. Parasites that undergo temperature-dependent development in the environment (such as Toxoplasma, ascarid and anisakid nematodes, and diphyllobothriid cestodes) will likely undergo accelerated development in endemic areas and temperate-adapted strains/species will move north, resulting in faunal shifts. Food-borne pathogens (e.g. Trichinella, Toxoplasma, anisakid nematodes, and diphyllobothriid cestodes) may be increasingly important as animal products are exported from the North and tourists, workers, and domestic animals enter the North. Finally, key needs are identified to better assess and mitigate risks associated with zoonotic parasites, including enhanced surveillance in animals and people, detection methods, and delivery and evaluation of veterinary and public health services.
Details
- Title
- Tradition and transition: Parasitic zoonoses of people and animals in Alaska, northern Canada, and Greenland
- Authors/Creators
- E.J. Jenkins (Author/Creator) - University of SaskatchewanL.J. Castrodale (Author/Creator) - Alaska Department of Health and Social ServicesS.J.C. de Rosemond (Author/Creator) - University of SaskatchewanB.R. Dixon (Author/Creator) - Health CanadaS.A. Elmore (Author/Creator) - University of SaskatchewanK.M. Gesy (Author/Creator) - University of SaskatchewanE.P. Hoberg (Author/Creator) - United States Department of AgricultureL. Polley (Author/Creator) - University of SaskatchewanJ.M. Schurer (Author/Creator) - University of SaskatchewanM. Simard (Author/Creator) - Makivik CorporationR.C.A. Thompson (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
- Contributors
- D. Rollinson (Editor)
- Publication Details
- Advances in Parasitology, Volume 82, Vol.82, pp.33-204
- Publisher
- Academic Press; London
- Identifiers
- 991005541548107891
- Copyright
- © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Book chapter
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Citation topics
- 1 Clinical & Life Sciences
- 1.217 Parasitology - Malaria, Toxoplasmosis & Coccidiosis
- 1.217.1038 Toxoplasma Gondii
- Web Of Science research areas
- Parasitology
- ESI research areas
- Microbiology