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Vectors, shipping and trade
Book chapter   Open access

Vectors, shipping and trade

M.L. Campbell and C.L. Hewitt
Marine Biological Invasions of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, pp.45-60
CSIRO Marine Research
1999
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Abstract

The link between introduction of exotic species into new bioregions and the release of ballast water from shipping is well documented (Smith and Carlton 1975; Carlton 1979; Carlton 1985; Simberloff 1986; Carlton et al. 1995; Ruiz et al. 1997; Shigesada and Kawasaki 1997). Despite the current recognition and acknowledgment of marine introductions via modern vectors, the historic movements of species by vessels may have led to the introduction of species prior to biological surveys…

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