A low-tech but reliable method to estimate site specific flight speed for collision risk modelling

Jill Shephard; T Sonia; Trish Fleming; Kristin Warren; Fiona Scarff

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A low-tech but reliable method to estimate site specific flight speed for collision risk modelling

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A low-tech but reliable method to estimate site specific flight speed for collision risk modelling

Jill Shephard, T Sonia, Trish Fleming, Kristin Warren and Fiona Scarff

Ecological Applications -Methods

Shephard, JM

2026

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Abstract

green energy

wind turbine strike

birds

flight speed

flight dynamics

Collision risk modelling, CRM

Wildlife and habitat management

Conservation and biodiversity

Ecological applications not elsewhere classified

This script downloads hourly 10-metre wind data from the ERA5 Land data set, using Google Earth Engine. It must be provided with a csv file containing columns 'latitude', 'longitude' (in the coordinate reference system epsg:4326, i.e. WGS84), 'utc' (a datetime stamp in the UTC time zone) and 'rounded_utc' (rounded to the beginning of the hour plus one second). The user will need a Google Earth Engine account, and to have created a Project in Earth Engine. To do that, you will also need an account with Google Cloud Project. The script assumes you have a Google Drive account, which is where the output is exported to, but there may be other ways to export it. Written for analysis of flying speeds in Carnaby's Cockatoo. Apart from the first line, which is a Bash shell command, the script language is Python, together with some syntax specific to the Earth Engine API. The entire script can be run in Google Colab. Run the first line just once. It installs the Google Earth Engine API in your Python environment. However, if you switch to use a different Python environment you'll need to run it again to install the package there.

Details

Title: A low-tech but reliable method to estimate site specific flight speed for collision risk modelling
Authors/Creators: Jill Shephard (Corresponding Author) - Murdoch University, Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability
T Sonia (Author) - Murdoch University, School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences
Trish Fleming (Author) - Murdoch University, Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability
Kristin Warren (Author) - Murdoch University, Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability
Fiona Scarff (Author) - Murdoch University, Harry Butler Institute
Publication Details: Ecological Applications -Methods
Publisher: Shephard, JM
Identifiers: 991005885452607891
Murdoch Affiliation: Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability; School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences
Language: English
Resource Type: Code

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