Abstract
This paper presents a performance assessment of a hybrid solar-geothermal-hydro microgrid integrated with an electric vehicle charging station, using both droop control and power factor control (PFC) for enhanced grid stability and power quality. By using standard microgrid system, the study incorporates dynamic load conditions to reflect real-world scenarios. The proposed system is simulated in DIgSILENT PowerFactory to evaluate voltage, frequency, and power stability. Results show that droop control enables faster dynamic response with better active power sharing, while power factor control improves steadystate voltage regulation and reactive power damping. Specifically, under droop control, hydro units experienced frequency peaks of up to \mathbf{1. 5} p.u. and reactive power surges above \mathbf{1 4 0 ~ M V a r} , whereas power factor control reduced these values by 20-30 \% , improving frequency stability to within \mathbf{1. 2} p.u. and limiting reactive power to around \mathbf{1 1 0} MVar. The novelty of this work lies in the dual evaluation of both control strategies in a renewable-integrated microgrid under EVCS-induced variability, offering a scalable approach for future grid applications. The study concludes that a hybrid control scheme combining the strengths of both methods can yield optimal performance for voltage and frequency stability in renewable-rich distributed systems.