Abstract
Healthcare workers in intensive care units (ICU) deliver life-saving interventions whilst working under pressure. Added to this pressure is an often under-reported threat of workplace violence (WPV) [1]. WPV refers to any act or threat involving physical harm, harassment, intimidation, or other menacing behaviour that takes place in a work environment [2]. It can cause both physical and psychological harm, making it a risk to the health and safety of the clinician and can compromise the quality of clinical care [3]. WPV is directly associated with an increased incidence of decreased patient safety, burnout, and post-traumatic stress [4]. There is a lack of reliable instruments to predict when a patient or a visitor may become violent [5], leaving ICU clinicians particularly vulnerable to sudden and unexpected aggression...