Abstract
The diversity of the ecosystems in Europe is viewed from the perspective of biomes, flora-based vegetation typology (phytosociological tradition of vegetation classification), and the diversity of habitat types. The most effective classification of ecosystems in Europe is based on the floristic–sociological approach, which has deep roots in the European tradition. This hierarchical system of vegetation types (syntaxa) reflects the underlying ecological fabric of European vegetation and allows a deep insight into the evolutionary drivers of the vegetation diversity on the Continent. Furthermore, the vegetation typology served as a basis for major systems of habitat typology – essential tools of biodiversity conservation management in Europe.