Thesis
Direct identification of Uropathogenic organisms: A literature review on assessing effectiveness of current diagnostic methods
Masters by Research, Murdoch University
2022
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most widespread human bacterial infections globally. The most common causative bacterial agent for UTI is Escherichia coli (E. coli) and it is the most dominant infectious agent in both uncomplicated and complicated UTIs (Flores-Mireles et al., 2015). UTI can be fatal as for every one hour of delay in getting the antibiotic treatment, it may lead to an increase in the odds to the poor outcome of a patient by 0.3% to 8% (Prasad et al., 2020). Also, UTI is responsible for current wide usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics in clinical settings leading to higher antibiotic resistance in the bacterial organisms. This can lead to increased mortality and morbidity rates, more severe infections, and longer hospital stays. Currently, culturing microorganisms directly from urine sample is considered as the gold standard for microbiological confirmation of UTIs as it could identify and quantify Uropathogenic species. However, this process takes 24 to 48 hours to identify the pathogenic species and additional 18 to 24 hours are required to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Thus, additional urine analysis methods such as Gram staining, leukocyte esterase and nitrite tests are preferred by the clinicians as screening methods as well as rapid diagnostic tools for UTIs. But while they offer rapid results, their sensitivity and specificity values are quite low. Thus, rapid identification methods such as Gram staining, nitrite and leukocyte tests, short growth, dual filtration, differential centrifugation and direct identification by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation – time of flight (MALDI-TOF) are developed. These methods reduce the time required to identify microbes as best as possible without compromising the rate of accuracy and precision provided by urine culture. Hence in this literature review, we would discuss the methods used in identification of uropathogens responsible for UTIs and compare their effectiveness to latest method such as MALDI-TOF.
Details
- Title
- Direct identification of Uropathogenic organisms: A literature review on assessing effectiveness of current diagnostic methods
- Authors/Creators
- Joel B Kumji
- Contributors
- Stanley Pang (Supervisor) - Murdoch University, Centre for Biosecurity and One HealthSam Abraham (Supervisor) - Murdoch University, Centre for Biosecurity and One Health
- Awarding Institution
- Murdoch University; Masters by Research
- Identifiers
- 991005591970307891
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health
- Resource Type
- Thesis
- Note
- Accelerated Research Masters with Training
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