Evaluating the Role of Public-Private Partnership PPP in Enhancing Affordable Housing in Thimphu to achieve SDG11

Zam Dhapel

Thimphu, the capital city of Bhutan, faces burgeoning affordable housing challenges due to rapid urbanization, inadequate urban planning, and insufficient infrastructure. This study evaluates the potential of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) approach to both addressing the housing challenges in Thimphu city, and in doing so contributing to Bhutan’s commitment to SDG 11 ‘Sustainable cities and communities: making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable’ and, particularly Target 11.1 namely “access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums”. The research was undertaken using multiple-case study methodology to analyse three international case studies: Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia, Abuja in Nigeria, and Accra in Ghana. This methodology facilitated an opportunity to investigate PPP projects in varying contexts using various data sources. A within-case study analysis and comparative analysis (Ragin & Rubinson, 2009) were conducted based on affordable housing challenges, the PPP approach, and the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of each case study. Results indicate that while a well-structured regulatory framework is crucial for the successful implementation of PPP in the housing sector of Thimphu, it does not guarantee its success. Therefore, seven relevant recommendations, including conducting a comprehensive evaluation of the government stability, streamlining the institutional framework, and conducting a comprehensive feasibility study among others are made to enhance the PPP approach in addressing the challenges in the housing sector of Thimphu and facilitating Bhutan’s achievement of SDG 11.

Evaluating the Role of Public-Private Partnership PPP in Enhancing Affordable Housing in Thimphu to achieve SDG11

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