Haplotypes of cleistogamous flowering gene cly1 and association with temperature stress

Meilin Zou

Cleistogamy refers to a type of sexual breeding system, a floret type with closed flowers. Cleistogamous flower sheds its pollen before flower opening, so this behavior leads to a great mass of autogamy. Furthermore, the cleistogamy has been found and presented widely in the angiosperm. In recent years, the cleistogamy has been regarded as an important reproductive system in various plant taxa and already attracted widespread attention in the world. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the cleistogamous trait was very limited. It is valuable to explore the cleistogamy gene cly1 in barley. Cly1 has been cloned, and two SNPs within the open reading frame region were identified to be associated with floral types. New markers were developed to genotype 672 barley accessions. Among them, the floral types of 436 lines were investigated. A total of 45 novel lines were identified as the genotype of the two markers could not explain their phenotypes. Five novel lines which showed non-cleistogamous types in the field but had cleistogamous genotype were sequenced. Thirteen SNPs were detected among the gene region. But no SNPs were associated with non-cleistogamy. Promoter region, methylation, and miR172 gene sequence need to be investigated in the future. The purposes of this article are to investigate the occurrence mechanism of cleistogamy, particularly on genetic aspects in barley. Temperature stress including frost stress and heat stress is one of the biggest obstacles to crop production. So the impacts of cleistogamy against temperature stress were discussed in the present study. Grain fertility rate was investigated in the four field trials. Katanning experienced frost stress in 2016 with the lowest temperature of -3.4°C. Grain fertility percentage was as low as 85% in Katanning, while in other three trials, the grain fertility percentage ranged from 92% to 96%. The correlation coefficient of grain fertility between cleistogamous type and non-cleistogamous type was analyzed. No significant difference was detected in the four trials between the two floral types.

Haplotypes of cleistogamous flowering gene cly1 and association with temperature stress

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