Journal article
Activation of the carbothermic reduction of manganese ore
International Journal of Mineral Processing, Vol.67(1-4), pp.187-198
2002
Abstract
The effect of extended milling on the carbothermic reduction of a manganese ore has been examined using a combination of thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermodynamic modelling indicated that reduction of MnO2 to MnO was possible at 25 °C, although no reaction was found to occur during milling of the ore with graphite for up to 10 h. For a physical mixture, cryptomelane, KMn8O16, reduced at 500 °C and braunite, Mn7SiO12, at 700 °C after 10 h milling these temperatures were reduced by 200 °C. The initial product was Mn3O4, although in the 10-h-milled powder, the reduction of braunite may have been directly to MnO. Reduction at 600 °C only formed Mn3O4 in the unmilled powder but the major product in the 10-h-milled powder was MnO. The increased extent of reaction after premilling may allow current processing plants to expand their throughput without increasing the size of reduction kiln.
Details
- Title
- Activation of the carbothermic reduction of manganese ore
- Authors/Creators
- N.J. Welham (Author/Creator) - Australian National University
- Publication Details
- International Journal of Mineral Processing, Vol.67(1-4), pp.187-198
- Publisher
- Elsevier B.V.
- Identifiers
- 991005542307007891
- Copyright
- © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Murdoch University
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Citation topics
- 7 Engineering & Materials Science
- 7.229 Mineral & Metal Processing
- 7.229.774 Bioleaching
- Web Of Science research areas
- Engineering, Chemical
- Mineralogy
- Mining & Mineral Processing
- ESI research areas
- Geosciences