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Journal article
Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology (ALIVE): Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, (Euglycaemic) Diabetic Ketosis/Ketoacidosis, and Diabetic Remission—A Modified Delphi-Method-Based System to Create Consensus Definitions
Veterinary sciences, Vol.13(1), 35
2026
Abstract
Simple Summary
After having achieved international consensus over disease, diagnosis, classification, and monitoring concepts in the area of companion animal diabetes mellitus, Cushing’s syndrome, and hypoadrenocorticism, a group of 14 experts and one chair embarked on the third cycle of project “Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology” (ALIVE), this time focusing on thyroid disease terminology. This cycle’s methods followed, like previous ones, a modified Delphi-approach with small changes to improve efficiency and flexibility, including an off-site chair. For the first time, additionally, feedback on definitions of a previous cycle was incorporated, leading to an update of diabetes mellitus related definitions of ALIVE Cycle 1. This third cycle was completed successfully, accomplishing a majority-based consensus among panellists and international veterinary endocrinology society memberships over 78 thyroid related terminology and five updated diabetes mellitus definitions. As has been the case with the definitions created for other hormonal diseases, it is hoped this work will improve education, research, diagnosis, and treatment in cats and dogs with endocrine disease.
Abstract
Companion animal endocrinology has benefited from international standardisation of disease terminology for diabetes mellitus, Cushing’s syndrome, and hypoadrenocorticism through Project Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology (ALIVE). A group of 14 experts and one chair convened for the third cycle of Project ALIVE, focusing on thyroid disease terminology. The cycle employed the modified Delphi approach from previous cycles, augmented by procedural refinements—such as inclusion of an off-site chair and stricter adherence to timelines —to improve efficiency and flexibility. Novel in this round was the integration of feedback from a previous cycle, which resulted in updated definitions for diabetes mellitus originally developed in ALIVE Cycle 1. Outcomes: A 100% consensus was achieved among panellists and 91.4–100% among 105 members of international veterinary endocrinology societies (32% of total memberships) over 78 thyroid-related terminology items and five revised definitions pertaining to diabetes mellitus. These standardised definitions are expected to facilitate clearer communication and education, enhance diagnostic consistency, support research comparability, and improve clinical care in feline and canine endocrine diseases.
Details
- Title
- Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology (ALIVE): Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, (Euglycaemic) Diabetic Ketosis/Ketoacidosis, and Diabetic Remission—A Modified Delphi-Method-Based System to Create Consensus Definitions
- Authors/Creators
- Stijn J. M. Niessen - Royal Veterinary CollegeRobert Shiel - Murdoch UniversityAstrid Wehner - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMiguel Campos - Foundation Centrum '45Sylvie Daminet - University College GhentFederico Fracassi - University of BolognaPeter Graham - University of WarwickJérémie Korchia - Michigan State UniversityPatty Lathan - Louisiana State UniversityRodolfo LealDiego Daniel Miceli - Experimental Medicine and Biology InstituteCarmel T. Mooney - University College DublinMaria de los Doloros Perez AlenzaMark E. Peterson - Cornell UniversityJohan P. Schoeman - Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospitalon behalf of the ESVE/SCE membership
- Publication Details
- Veterinary sciences, Vol.13(1), 35
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Number of pages
- 24
- Identifiers
- 991005849681907891
- Copyright
- © 2026 by the authors.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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