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Apolipoprotein E, cholesterol metabolism, diabetes, and the convergence of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Apolipoprotein E, cholesterol metabolism, diabetes, and the convergence of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease

I.J. Martins, E. Hone, J.K. Foster, S.I. S, A. Gnjec, S.J. Fuller, D. Nolan, S.E. Gandy and R.N. Martins
Molecular Psychiatry, Vol.11(8), pp.721-736
2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001854
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Abstract

High fat diets and sedentary lifestyles are becoming major concerns for Western countries. They have led to a growing incidence of obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and a condition known as the insulin-resistance syndrome or metabolic syndrome. These health conditions are well known to develop along with, or be precursors to atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Recent studies have found that most of these disorders can also be linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To complicate matters, possession of one or more apolipoprotein E 4 (APOE 4) alleles further increases the risk or severity of many of these conditions, including AD. ApoE has roles in cholesterol metabolism and A clearance, both of which are thought to be significant in AD pathogenesis. The apparent inadequacies of ApoE 4 in these roles may explain the increased risk of AD in subjects carrying one or more APOE 4 alleles. This review describes some of the physiological and biochemical changes that the above conditions cause, and how they are related to the risk of AD. A diversity of topics is covered, including cholesterol metabolism, glucose regulation, diabetes, insulin, ApoE function, amyloid precursor protein metabolism, and in particular their relevance to AD. It can be seen that abnormal lipid, cholesterol and glucose metabolism are consistently indicated as central in the pathophysiology, and possibly the pathogenesis of AD. As diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and early AD are becoming more reliable, and as evidence is accumulating that health conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and coronary artery disease are risk factors for AD, appropriate changes to diets and lifestyles will likely reduce AD risk, and also improve the prognosis for people already suffering from such conditions.

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
International collaboration
Citation topics
1 Clinical & Life Sciences
1.52 Neurodegenerative Diseases
1.52.57 Alzheimer's Mechanisms
Web Of Science research areas
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Neurosciences
Psychiatry
ESI research areas
Neuroscience & Behavior
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