Catastrophic loss of tropical seagrass habitats at the Cocos (Keeling) Islands due to multiple stressors

J. Buckee; Y. Hetzel; M. Nyegaard; S. Evans; S. Whiting; S. Scott; S. Ayvazian; M. van Keulen; J. Verduin

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112602

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Catastrophic loss of tropical seagrass habitats at the Cocos (Keeling) Islands due to multiple stressors

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Catastrophic loss of tropical seagrass habitats at the Cocos (Keeling) Islands due to multiple stressors

J. Buckee, Y. Hetzel, M. Nyegaard, S. Evans, S. Whiting, S. Scott, S. Ayvazian, M. van Keulen and J. Verduin

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol.170, Art. 112602

2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112602

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Abstract

Seagrass habitats at the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (CKI), a remote atoll in the Indian Ocean, have suffered a catastrophic decline over the last decade. Seagrass monitoring (1996–2020) in relation to dredging and coastal development works (2009 to 2011) provide a historical baseline, and document the decline of mixed tropical seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and macroalgal (predominantly Caulerpa spp.) beds over a decadal scale time series. Attribution of loss to coastal development is confounded by lagoon-wide die-off events in 2007, 2009 and 2012 and high air and water temperatures from 2009 to 2016, with evidence of broad scale changes, visible in satellite imagery between 2006 and 2018. We conclude that up to 80% of seagrass habitats in the CKI lagoon (~1200 ha) have been lost due to multiple stressors including episodic die-off events related to high temperatures and calm conditions, and loss due to sediment disturbance and increased turbidity. Grazing pressure from the resident green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) may have also exacerbated the loss of seagrass, which in turn poses a dire threat to their ongoing health and survival. This study highlights the fragility of tropical seagrass habitats and the cascading effect of system imbalance as a result of anthropogenic pressures and climate drivers. Although small in comparison to global estimates, the loss of seagrass habitats at CKI could change the entire ecosystem of a remote atoll. Due to the significance of the Thalassia beds for coastal stability, as food for an isolated population of green sea turtles and as a fish nursery, rehabilitation efforts are warranted.

Details

Title: Catastrophic loss of tropical seagrass habitats at the Cocos (Keeling) Islands due to multiple stressors
Authors/Creators: J. Buckee (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
Y. Hetzel (Author/Creator) - The University of Western Australia
M. Nyegaard (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
S. Evans (Author/Creator) - Government of Western Australia
S. Whiting (Author/Creator) - BioMarin (Ireland)
S. Scott (Author/Creator) - Level (Czechia)
S. Ayvazian (Author/Creator) - 76 Howland Ave., Jamestown, RI 02835, USA
M. van Keulen (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
J. Verduin (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
Publication Details: Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol.170, Art. 112602
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Identifiers: 991005542874307891
Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Ltd.
Murdoch Affiliation: Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems; Harry Butler Institute
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 3 Agriculture, Environment & Ecology; 3.2 Marine Biology; 3.2.1182 Coastal Vegetation
Web Of Science research areas: Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
ESI research areas: Environment/Ecology