Journal article
Combined training improves the diagnostic measures of sarcopenia and decreases the inflammation in HIV‐infected individuals
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, Vol.13(2), pp.1024-1035
2022
Abstract
Background
HIV-related sarcopenia is an emerging health issue that often remains undiagnosed and can lead to reduced quality of life, independence, and premature death if untreated. This study investigated the effects of a 6 month combined training (resistance plus aerobic exercise) (CT) intervention on diagnostic measures of sarcopenia, including grip strength, appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and gait speed.
Methods
Forty participants were randomized into either a CT group (n = 20; age = 38.3 ± 4.9 years) or a control group (CON; n = 20; age = 37.9 ± 5.1 years). Participants in the CT group performed three supervised sessions per week for 6 months, consisting of weekly reverse linear periodized resistance training followed by 20 min aerobic training. Participants in the CON group were instructed to continue with their current lifestyle habits. Assessments were completed at baseline and after 6 months. Statistical analyses were performed using a two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for sex and preintervention values. Primary outcomes included grip strength, ALMI, and gait speed. Secondary outcomes were changes in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), IGF-1, and myostatin. Associations were explored between changes in inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α), gait speed, and ALMI with grip strength.
Results
A significant increase in ALMI was found for CT compared with CON (0.29 ± 0.13 kg/m2 vs. −0.11 ± 0.14 kg/m2, respectively; P < 0.001). Significant improvements in grip strength (7.86 ± 8.50 kg for CT vs. −1.58 ± 2.47 kg for CON) and gait speed (0.16 ± 0.07 m/s2 for CT vs. −0.06 ± 0.52 m/s2 for CON; both P < 0.001) were also observed in CT compared with CON. Reduction in inflammatory biomarkers was found in CT compared with CON (IL-6; TNF-α, both P < 0.001). An increase in IGF-1 (74.36 ± 56.64 pg/mm3 for CT vs. 7.19 ± 99 pg/mm3 for CON; P < 0.001) and a decrease in myostatin (−158.90 ± 62.03 pg/mm3 for CT vs. −43.33 ± 146.60 pg/mm3 for CON; P < 0.001) was found following CT compared with the CON group. Change in grip strength was correlated with changes in IL-6 (r = −0.65, P < 0.001), TNF-α (r = −0.63, P < 0.001), gait speed (r = 0.63, P < 0.001), and ALMI (r = 0.54, P = 0.001), but not IGF-1 and myostatin. No adverse events were recorded, and compliance with the CT exercise sessions was high (>85%).
Conclusions
Combined training appears to be an effective means to counteract sarcopenia and improve various inflammatory markers and growth hormones in people living with HIV.
Details
- Title
- Combined training improves the diagnostic measures of sarcopenia and decreases the inflammation in HIV‐infected individuals
- Authors/Creators
- M. Ghayomzadeh (Author/Creator)D. Hackett (Author/Creator)S. SeyedAlinaghi (Author/Creator)M. Gholami (Author/Creator)N. Hosseini Rouzbahani (Author/Creator)F. Azevedo Voltarelli (Author/Creator)
- Publication Details
- Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, Vol.13(2), pp.1024-1035
- Publisher
- John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders
- Identifiers
- 991005540650307891
- Copyright
- © 2022 The Authors.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- School of Allied Health
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Citation topics
- 1 Clinical & Life Sciences
- 1.66 HIV
- 1.66.1372 HIV Comorbidities
- Web Of Science research areas
- Geriatrics & Gerontology
- ESI research areas
- Clinical Medicine