Commercial growing up milks: Usage frequency and associated child and demographic factors across four Asia Pacific countries

J.C. Willcox; J.. Februhartanty; W. Satheannoppakao; C. Hutchinson; C. Itsiopoulos; A. Worsley

doi:10.1111/jhn.12851

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Commercial growing up milks: Usage frequency and associated child and demographic factors across four Asia Pacific countries

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Commercial growing up milks: Usage frequency and associated child and demographic factors across four Asia Pacific countries

J.C. Willcox, J.. Februhartanty, W. Satheannoppakao, C. Hutchinson, C. Itsiopoulos and A. Worsley

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol.34(3), pp.524-533

2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12851

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Abstract

Background Commercial growing up milks (GUMs) targeted at children from 12 to 36 months of age are a rapidly growing industry, particularly across the Asia Pacific. Methods The present study assessed the frequency of use and socio‐demographic and child associations of commercial GUM feeding in children, aged between 12 and 36 months, in capital cities in four Asia Pacific countries. Mothers of children aged between 12 and 36 months were surveyed, assessing GUM feeding frequency in the past month. A market research company database was used to survey across Asia Pacific urban cities, including Bangkok Thailand, Jakarta Indonesia, Singapore and Australian Capital Cities (ACC). Results More than 1000 women (n = 1051) were surveyed (Bangkok, n = 263; Jakarta, n = 275; ACC, n = 252; Singapore, n = 261). The mean (SD) age of mothers was 32.4 (5.3) years and that of children was 23.6 (6.7) months. In total, 62.7% of the children were fed GUMs more than once per week with significant country variance. In comparison with ACC, Asian countries were significantly more likely to feed GUMs ≥once per week: Bangkok [odds ratio (OR) = 5.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.8–8.6]; Jakarta (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 2.3–5.5); and Singapore (OR = 7.4, 95% CI = 4.9‐11.1). Associations of GUM feeding included: maternal tertiary education; mothers younger than 30 years; working full time; and feeding of commercial infant formula under 12 months. Conclusions This is the first published study to explore commercial GUM feeding in and between countries. The incidence of GUM feeding, in contrast to international recommendations, signals the need for further research into the drivers for GUM feeding and its contribution to the diet.

Details

Title: Commercial growing up milks: Usage frequency and associated child and demographic factors across four Asia Pacific countries
Authors/Creators: J.C. Willcox (Author/Creator) - La Trobe University
J.. Februhartanty (Author/Creator) - Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization
W. Satheannoppakao (Author/Creator) - Mahidol University
C. Hutchinson (Author/Creator) - Mahidol University
C. Itsiopoulos (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
A. Worsley (Author/Creator) - Deakin University
Publication Details: Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol.34(3), pp.524-533
Publisher: Wiley
Identifiers: 991005539578907891
Copyright: © 2021 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.
Murdoch Affiliation: College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 1 Clinical & Life Sciences; 1.44 Nutrition & Dietetics; 1.44.29 Nutrition and Obesity
Web Of Science research areas: Nutrition & Dietetics
ESI research areas: Clinical Medicine