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Comprehensive mapping of human CD4+ T cell epitopes for Nipah and measles as prototype Paramyxoviruses
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Comprehensive mapping of human CD4+ T cell epitopes for Nipah and measles as prototype Paramyxoviruses

Alison Tarke, Mariah Macias, Claudia Francisco Morales, Tanner Michaelis, Leila Siddiqui, Esther Dawen Yu, Raphael Trevizani, Abril Zuniga, Christian Zmasek, Elizabeth Phillips, …
Cell reports. Medicine, Vol.7(6), 102838
2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102838
PMID: 42229425
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Published3.39 MBDownloadView
Open Access CC BY-NC-ND V4.0

Abstract

CTER epitopes immunogenic regions measles Nipah pandemic preparedness Paramyxovirus sequence conservation T cells vaccine
Paramyxoviruses comprise a diverse family of viruses that threaten global human health through direct infection and zoonotic transmission. Understanding adaptive immune responses to these viruses is critical for characterizing host-pathogen interactions and evaluating vaccine performance. Here, we systematically map human CD4+ T cell epitopes across Nipah and measles viruses, two prototypic members of the Paramyxoviridae family. We identify broad epitope repertoires, including 186 Nipah and 288 measles epitopes recognized in multiple donors. Epitopes are characterized for HLA binding and inferred restrictions, and broader HLA binding correlates with immunodominance. We observe overlapping T cell targets between viruses, with N and F proteins immunodominant in both and L additionally dominant in Nipah. We define conserved T cell epitope regions (CTERs) in Nipah virus that encompass 17% of the proteome, capture over 50% of T cell responses, show high conservation across different Henipaviruses, and elicit broadly cross-reactivity, supporting broad population coverage. [Display omitted] •Systematic mapping reveals broad CD4+ T cell epitopes in Nipah and measles•HLA binding promiscuity correlates with epitope immunodominance•Conserved T cell epitope regions (CTERs) capture over 50% of Nipah T cell responses•CTERs elicit cross-reactive T cells across diverse Paramyxoviruses Tarke et al. systematically map CD4+ T cell epitopes in measles and Nipah viruses, revealing broad and overlapping immune targets. They define conserved T cell epitope regions (CTERs) that drive cross-reactive T cell responses across Paramyxoviruses, providing a framework for vaccine strategies that enhance population coverage and pandemic preparedness.

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UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This output has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

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