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Cryptosporidium in humans and animals - a One Health approach to prophylaxis
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Cryptosporidium in humans and animals - a One Health approach to prophylaxis

U. Ryan, A. Zahedi and A. Paparini
Parasite Immunology, Vol.38(9), pp.535-547
2016
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Abstract

Cryptosporidium is a major cause of moderate to severe diarrhea in humans worldwide, second only to rotavirus. Due to the wide host range and environmental persistence of this parasite, cryptosporidiosis can be zoonotic and associated with foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. Currently, 31 species are recognized as valid and of these, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum are responsible for the majority of infections in humans. The immune status of the host, both innate and adaptive immunity, has a major impact on the severity of the disease and its prognosis. Immunocompetent individuals typically experience self-limiting diarrhea and transient gastroenteritis lasting up to 2 weeks and recover without treatment, suggesting an efficient host anti-parasite immune response. Immunocompromised individuals can suffer from intractable diarrhea, which can be fatal. Effective drug treatments and vaccines are not yet available. As a result of this, the close cooperation and interaction between veterinarians, health physicians, environmental managers and public health operators is essential to properly control this disease. This review focuses on a One Health approach to prophylaxis, including the importance of understanding transmission routes for zoonotic Cryptosporidium species, improved sanitation and better risk management, improved detection, diagnosis and treatment and the prospect of an effective anti-cryptosporidial vaccine.

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Citation topics
1 Clinical & Life Sciences
1.246 Diarrheal Diseases
1.246.985 Cryptosporidium
Web Of Science research areas
Immunology
Parasitology
ESI research areas
Immunology
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