Current Insights into the Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of African Swine Fever Virus and Future Control Perspectives

Shanta Barua; Asep Gunawan; Autchara Kayan; Masa Tenaya; Mehmet Ulas Cinar; Made Kardena; Syeda Hasina Akter; Nurulfiza Mat Isa; Henry Annandale; Subir Sarker; David T Williams; Sam Abraham; Jasim M Uddin

doi:10.3390/pathogens15060586

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Current Insights into the Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of African Swine Fever Virus and Future Control Perspectives

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Current Insights into the Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of African Swine Fever Virus and Future Control Perspectives

Shanta Barua, Asep Gunawan, Autchara Kayan, Masa Tenaya, Mehmet Ulas Cinar, Made Kardena, Syeda Hasina Akter, Nurulfiza Mat Isa, Henry Annandale, Subir Sarker, …

Pathogens, Vol.15(6), 586

2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15060586

PMID: 42347198

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Abstract

Africa - epidemiology

African Swine Fever - epidemiology

African Swine Fever - prevention & control

African Swine Fever - transmission

African Swine Fever - virology

African Swine Fever Virus - genetics

African Swine Fever Virus - physiology

Animals

Disease Outbreaks - prevention & control

Humans

Swine

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an evolving threat to global swine health and food security, driven by its complex epidemiology, multi-host transmission cycles, and ongoing spread across countries. This review summarizes the global scenario and transmission pathways of ASFV, highlighting the outbreaks associated with evolving risk patterns to support effective disease prevention and control. ASF has been reported in pig-producing regions across Africa, Europe, and, more recently, Asia, largely driven by the spread of genotype II strains. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected pigs or pig-products, indirectly via contaminated materials, and through soft ticks of the genus spp., with epidemiological patterns varying according to wildlife reservoirs and regional factors. Control measures mainly rely on early detection, movement control, strict quarantine, robust biosecurity measures, and international trade regulations. Despite significant advances, persistent challenges, including the absence of a widely available commercial vaccine, long-term stability of the virus, human activities, and inconsistencies in global response capacities, continue to hinder disease eradication efforts. This review underscores the need for transnational strategies and policies that integrate economically sustainable disease management systems and reduce the long-term impact of ASFV.

Details

Title: Current Insights into the Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of African Swine Fever Virus and Future Control Perspectives
Authors/Creators: Shanta Barua - Murdoch University
Asep Gunawan - IPB University
Autchara Kayan - Kasetsart University
Masa Tenaya - Udayana University
Mehmet Ulas Cinar - Erciyes University
Made Kardena - Udayana University
Syeda Hasina Akter - Murdoch University
Nurulfiza Mat Isa - Universiti Putra Malaysia
Henry Annandale - Murdoch University
Subir Sarker - Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine
David T Williams - Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness
Sam Abraham - Murdoch University
Jasim M Uddin - Murdoch University
Publication Details: Pathogens, Vol.15(6), 586
Publisher: MDPI
Identifiers: 991005896879407891
Murdoch Affiliation: Harry Butler Institute; School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Centre for Animal Production and Health
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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