Demographic, temporal, and spatial analysis of human animal bite cases in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh

Chandra Shaker Chouhan; Abu Raihan; Md Manik Mia; Subarna Banerjee; Ishmam Shahriar; Proggananda Nath; Jasim M Uddin; Md Amimul Ehsan; Michael P Ward; A K M Anisur Rahman

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012204

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Demographic, temporal, and spatial analysis of human animal bite cases in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Demographic, temporal, and spatial analysis of human animal bite cases in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh

Chandra Shaker Chouhan, Abu Raihan, Md Manik Mia, Subarna Banerjee, Ishmam Shahriar, Proggananda Nath, Jasim M Uddin, Md Amimul Ehsan, Michael P Ward and A K M Anisur Rahman

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Vol.19(6), e0012204

2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012204

PMID: 40489552

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Abstract

Adolescent

Adult

Aged

Animals

Bangladesh - epidemiology

Bites and Stings - epidemiology

Cats

Child

Child, Preschool

Dogs

Female

Humans

Incidence

Infant

Male

Middle Aged

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

Rabies - epidemiology

Rabies - prevention & control

Rabies Vaccines - administration & dosage

Retrospective Studies

Seasons

Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Young Adult

This study aimed to analyze the demographic, temporal, and spatial characteristics of animal bite (AB) cases in humans across 12 Upazilas within Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Retrospective hospital-based data from individual AB cases for 2022 and 2023 were collected from S.K Hospital. The dataset included information on victim demographics, bite details, vaccination information, and Rabies Immune Globulin (RIG) administration. Additionally, monthly case counts from 2016 to 2024 were sourced and analyzed to identify trends. Descriptive statistics and time series analysis using the seasonal decomposition technique were conducted. Risk maps for animal bites in 2022 and 2023 were generated using a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) approach. An almost two-fold increase in the proportion of category 3 bites receiving RIG from 3.6% in 2022 to 6.5% in 2023 was noted. Only 9.7% (2022) and 16.9% (2023) of bite victims received PEP on the day of exposure, whereas 76.5% (2022) and 84.6% (2023) received PEP within 24 hours. Moreover, significant seasonal patterns and annual increasing trends in AB cases were observed. Males and children under 14 years old had a higher risk of being bitten. Dogs (48.2% in 2022) and cats (52.6% in 2023) were identified as the primary animals responsible for the bites. Notably, the legs were the body part most frequently bitten. The bites risk map identified four high risk Upazilas. Despite improvements in PEP coverage achieved within 24 hours, a critical gap remains in same-day PEP coverage in both years. The study results also suggest other potential improvements in healthcare practices or treatment protocols, and the need for a veterinary surveillance system. Increasing AB cases highlight the need to enhance surveillance and control measures. Targeted awareness campaigns tailored to high-risk groups such as males and children under 14 years of age, along with preventive programs focused on dogs are imperative. Coordinated One Health efforts among healthcare professionals, veterinarians, policymakers, and community stakeholders are crucial to effectively mitigate the incidence of AB cases, safeguarding public health and eliminate dog mediated rabies by 2030 in the region.

Details

Title: Demographic, temporal, and spatial analysis of human animal bite cases in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh
Authors/Creators: Chandra Shaker Chouhan - Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University
Abu Raihan - Bangladesh Agricultural University
Md Manik Mia - Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Subarna Banerjee - Bangladesh Agricultural University
Ishmam Shahriar - Bangladesh Agricultural University
Proggananda Nath - Mymensingh Medical College Hospital
Jasim M Uddin - Murdoch University, Centre for Animal Production and Health
Md Amimul Ehsan - Bangladesh Agricultural University
Michael P Ward - The University of Sydney
A K M Anisur Rahman - Bangladesh Agricultural University
Publication Details: PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Vol.19(6), e0012204
Publisher: Public Library of Science
Number of pages: 15
Identifiers: 991005788074407891
Murdoch Affiliation: Harry Butler Institute; School of Veterinary Medicine; Centre for Animal Production and Health
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 1 Clinical & Life Sciences; 1.104 Virology - General; 1.104.1816 Rabies
Web Of Science research areas: Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
ESI research areas: Immunology