Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960

M. Worobey; M. Gemmel; D.E. Teuwen; T. Haselkorn; K. Kunstman; M. Bunce; J-J Muyembe; J.M. Kabongo; R.M. Kalengayi; E. Van Marck; M.T.P. Gilbert; S.M. Wolinsky

doi:10.1038/nature07390

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Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960

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Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960

M. Worobey, M. Gemmel, D.E. Teuwen, T. Haselkorn, K. Kunstman, M. Bunce, J-J Muyembe, J.M. Kabongo, R.M. Kalengayi, E. Van Marck, …

Nature, Vol.455(7213), pp.661-664

2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07390

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Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences that pre-date the recognition of AIDS are critical to defining the time of origin and the timescale of virus evolution. A viral sequence from 1959 (ZR59) is the oldest known HIV-1 infection. Other historically documented sequences, important calibration points to convert evolutionary distance into time, are lacking, however; ZR59 is the only one sampled before 1976. Here we report the amplification and characterization of viral sequences from a Bouin's-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph node biopsy specimen obtained in 1960 from an adult female in Léopoldville, Belgian Congo (now Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)), and we use them to conduct the first comparative evolutionary genetic study of early pre-AIDS epidemic HIV-1 group M viruses. Phylogenetic analyses position this viral sequence (DRC60) closest to the ancestral node of subtype A (excluding A2). Relaxed molecular clock analyses incorporating DRC60 and ZR59 date the most recent common ancestor of the M group to near the beginning of the twentieth century. The sizeable genetic distance between DRC60 and ZR59 directly demonstrates that diversification of HIV-1 in west-central Africa occurred long before the recognized AIDS pandemic. The recovery of viral gene sequences from decades-old paraffin-embedded tissues opens the door to a detailed palaeovirological investigation of the evolutionary history of HIV-1 that is not accessible by other methods

Details

Title: Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960
Authors/Creators: M. Worobey (Author/Creator) - University of Arizona
M. Gemmel (Author/Creator) - University of Arizona
D.E. Teuwen (Author/Creator) - Sanofi (France)
T. Haselkorn (Author/Creator) - University of Arizona
K. Kunstman (Author/Creator) - Northwestern University
M. Bunce (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
J-J Muyembe (Author/Creator) - University of Kinshasa
J.M. Kabongo (Author/Creator) - University of Kinshasa
R.M. Kalengayi (Author/Creator) - University of Kinshasa
E. Van Marck (Author/Creator) - University of Antwerp
M.T.P. Gilbert (Author/Creator) - University of Arizona
S.M. Wolinsky (Author/Creator) - Northwestern University
Publication Details: Nature, Vol.455(7213), pp.661-664
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
Identifiers: 991005545048407891
Copyright: © 2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited
Murdoch Affiliation: School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Industry collaboration; Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 1 Clinical & Life Sciences; 1.66 HIV; 1.66.46 HIV Pathogenesis
Web Of Science research areas: Virology
ESI research areas: Microbiology