Abstract
Evidence suggests that physical exercise benefits cognition across the lifespan1,2. Nevertheless, in an umbrella review of 24 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, Ciria et al.3 concluded that there is no support for a causal effect of physical exercise on cognitive performance in healthy populations. As a group of international experts in the exercise–cognition field, we disagree with this conclusion due to methodological and theoretical limitations that have received little consideration. We believe the authors’ warning of caution for the World Health Organization’s recommendations2 regarding the cognitive benefits of exercise is unwarranted...
