Journal article
Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DIHS)/ Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): Clinical Features and Pathogenesis
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Vol.10(5), pp.1155-1167
2022
Abstract
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS/DRESS) is one example of a severe delayed T-cell mediated adverse drug reaction. DIHS/DRESS presents with fever, widespread rash and facial edema, organ involvement, and hematological abnormalities, including eosinophilia and atypical lymphocytosis. DIHS/DRESS is associated with relapse 2-4 weeks following acute symptoms, often coinciding with reactivation of prevalent chronic persistent human Herpesviruses (HHV) such as HHV-6, Epstein-Barr Virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The mortality of DIHS/DRESS is up to 10% and often related to unrecognized myocarditis and CMV complications, with longer-term consequences that contribute to morbidity including autoimmune diseases such as thyroiditis. It is essential that all potential drug causes, including all new drugs introduced within the 8 weeks preceding onset of DIHS/DRESS symptoms, are identified. All potential drug culprits, as well as drugs that are closely related structurally to the culprit drug, should be avoided in the future. Systemic corticosteroids have remained the mainstay for the treatment of DIHS/DRESS with internal organ involvement. Steroid sparing agents, such as cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and monthly intravenous immune globulin, have been successfully used for treatment, and careful follow-up for CMV reactivation is recommended. Strong associations between HLA class I alleles and DIHS/DRESS predisposition include HLA-B*13:01 and dapsone, HLA-B*58:01 and allopurinol, and HLA-B*32:01 and vancomycin. These have opened a pathway for prevention, risk stratification, and earlier diagnosis. Single-cell sequencing and other studies of immunopathogenesis promise to identify targeted treatment approaches.
Details
- Title
- Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DIHS)/ Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): Clinical Features and Pathogenesis
- Authors/Creators
- N. Hama (Author/Creator) - Niigata UniversityR. Abe (Author/Creator) - Niigata UniversityA. Gibson (Author/Creator) - Murdoch UniversityE.J. Phillips (Author/Creator) - Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Publication Details
- The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Vol.10(5), pp.1155-1167
- Publisher
- Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
- Identifiers
- 991005541140607891
- Copyright
- © 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Citation topics
- 1 Clinical & Life Sciences
- 1.265 Dermatology - Skin Allergies
- 1.265.1140 Drug Hypersensitivity
- Web Of Science research areas
- Allergy
- Immunology
- ESI research areas
- Clinical Medicine