Journal article
Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD): A perspective on worldwide production, reserves and its role in electrochemistry
RSC Advances, Vol.5(72), pp.58255-58283
2015
Abstract
Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is the critical component of the cathode material in modern alkaline, lithium, and sodium batteries including electrochemical capacitors and hydrogen production. In terms of environmental and cost considerations, EMD is likely to remain the preferred energy material for the future generation, as it has been in recent decades. Diminishing fossil fuels and increasing oil prices have created the need to derive energy from sustainable sources. The energy storage device from alternative and inexpensive sources, such as low grade manganese ores, has a niche in the renewable energy and portable electronics market. Despite vast manganese sources along with the current activity in producing modified EMD materials from secondary sources, to a surprise, India mostly imports EMD to meet its demand. Keeping this in view, a comprehensive review has been prepared on the synthesis, physical and electrochemical characterization of EMD produced from synthetic solutions and secondary sources. This review summarizes the available EMD sources in the world including Indian deposits and the recent investigations of fundamental advances in understanding the electrochemical mechanism involved in aqueous rechargeable batteries and electrochemical capacitors, thus leading to an improved energy storage performance, which is essential for their long term use in storing renewable energy supply.
Details
- Title
- Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD): A perspective on worldwide production, reserves and its role in electrochemistry
- Authors/Creators
- A. Biswal (Author/Creator) - Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchB. Chandra Tripathy (Author/Creator)K. Sanjay (Author/Creator) - Institute of Minerals and Materials TechnologyT. Subbaiah (Author/Creator) - Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchM. Minakshi (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
- Publication Details
- RSC Advances, Vol.5(72), pp.58255-58283
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Identifiers
- 991005545511307891
- Murdoch Affiliation
- School of Engineering and Information Technology
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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44 Record Views
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Citation topics
- 2 Chemistry
- 2.62 Electrochemistry
- 2.62.52 Electrode Materials
- Web Of Science research areas
- Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
- ESI research areas
- Chemistry