Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North America

Y. Yang; J. Christie; L. Koster; A. Du; C. Yao

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9020440

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Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North America

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North America

Y. Yang, J. Christie, L. Koster, A. Du and C. Yao

Microorganisms, Vol.9(2), Art. 440

2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020440

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Abstract

The first case of human babesiosis was reported in the literature in 1957. The clinical disease has sporadically occurred as rare case reports in North America and Europe in the subsequent decades. Since the new millennium, especially in the last decade, many more cases have apparently appeared not only in these regions but also in Asia, South America, and Africa. More than 20,000 cases of human babesiosis have been reported in North America alone. In several cross-sectional surveys, exposure to Babesia spp. has been demonstrated within urban and rural human populations with clinical babesiosis reported in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent humans. This review serves to highlight the widespread distribution of these tick-borne pathogens in humans, their tick vectors in readily accessible environments such as parks and recreational areas, and their phylogenetic relationships.

Details

Title: Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North America
Authors/Creators: Y. Yang (Author/Creator) - Zhejiang University
J. Christie (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
L. Koster (Author/Creator) - University of Tennessee at Knoxville
A. Du (Author/Creator) - Zhejiang University
C. Yao (Author/Creator) - Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine
Publication Details: Microorganisms, Vol.9(2), Art. 440
Publisher: MDPI
Identifiers: 991005543160707891
Copyright: © 2021 MDPI
Murdoch Affiliation: The Animal Hospital At Murdoch University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 1 Clinical & Life Sciences; 1.258 Zoonotic Diseases; 1.258.227 Tick-borne Pathogens
Web Of Science research areas: Microbiology
ESI research areas: Microbiology