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Journal article
Environmentally-acquired bacteria influence microbial diversity and natural innate immune responses at gut surfaces
BMC Biology, Vol.7, Article number: 79
2009
Abstract
Background: Early microbial colonization of the gut reduces the incidence of infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recent population studies reveal that childhood hygiene is a significant risk factor for development of inflammatory bowel disease, thereby reinforcing the hygiene hypothesis and the potential importance of microbial colonization during early life. The extent to which early-life environment impacts on microbial diversity of the adult gut and subsequent immune processes has not been comprehensively investigated thus far. We addressed this important question using the pig as a model to evaluate the impact of early-life environment on microbe/host gut interactions during development. Results: Genetically-related piglets were housed in either indoor or outdoor environments or in experimental isolators. Analysis of over 3,000 16S rRNA sequences revealed major differences in mucosa-adherent microbial diversity in the ileum of adult pigs attributable to differences in early-life environment. Pigs housed in a natural outdoor environment showed a dominance of Firmicutes, in particular Lactobacillus, whereas animals housed in a hygienic indoor environment had reduced Lactobacillus and higher numbers of potentially pathogenic phylotypes. Our analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between the abundance of Firmicutes and pathogenic bacterial populations in the gut. These differences were exaggerated in animals housed in experimental isolators. Affymetrix microarray technology and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction revealed significant gut-specific gene responses also related to early-life environment. Significantly, indoor-housed pigs displayed increased expression of Type 1 interferon genes, Major Histocompatibility Complex class I and several chemokines. Gene Ontology and pathway analysis further confirmed these results. Conclusion: Early-life environment significantly affects both microbial composition of the adult gut and mucosal innate immune function. We observed that a microbiota dominated by lactobacilli may function to maintain mucosal immune homeostasis and limit pathogen colonization.
Details
- Title
- Environmentally-acquired bacteria influence microbial diversity and natural innate immune responses at gut surfaces
- Authors/Creators
- I.E. Mulder (Author/Creator) - University of AberdeenB. Schmidt (Author/Creator) - University of AberdeenC.R. Stokes (Author/Creator) - Nashotah House Theological SeminaryM. Lewis (Author/Creator) - Nashotah House Theological SeminaryM. Bailey (Author/Creator) - Nashotah House Theological SeminaryR.I. Aminov (Author/Creator) - University of AberdeenJ.I. Prosser (Author/Creator) - University of AberdeenB.P. Gill (Author/Creator) - Agriculture and Horticulture Development BoardJ.R. Pluske (Author/Creator) - Murdoch UniversityC-D. Mayer (Author/Creator) - Rowett Research InstituteC.C. Musk (Author/Creator) - University of AberdeenD. Kelly (Author/Creator) - University of Aberdeen
- Publication Details
- BMC Biology, Vol.7, Article number: 79
- Publisher
- BioMed Central
- Identifiers
- 991005540966207891
- Copyright
- © 2009 Mulder et al
- Murdoch Affiliation
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Citation topics
- 1 Clinical & Life Sciences
- 1.120 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases & Infections
- 1.120.384 Gut Microbiota
- Web Of Science research areas
- Biology
- ESI research areas
- Biology & Biochemistry