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Journal article
Epidemiological status of bovine viral diarrhea virus in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A global systematic review and meta-analysis
Research in Veterinary Science, Vol.210, 106298
2026
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) remains a neglected viral disease in water buffalo despite its significant economic impact in production systems. Although limited epidemiological studies have been reported worldwide, the serostatus and active infection in buffalo have not been systematically reviewed. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate BVDV prevalence in water buffalo and identify associated epidemiological factors. Relevant studies published up to January 31, 2026, were retrieved from five electronic databases. A total of 49 studies were identified from 15 different countries were found for inclusion. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled-prevalence and assess heterogeneity among studies. A meta-analysis of 37 studies (9270 buffalo) estimated a pooled BVDV seroprevalence of 30.5%, while analysis of 16 studies (7189 animals) indicated an antigen prevalence of 16.5%. Continent-wise analysis revealed the highest BVDV seroprevalence in South-America (44.0%), while antigen prevalence was highest in Africa (21.2%) followed by Asia at 12.2%, and no BVDV data reported from North-America. Among the different countries, the highest BVDV seroprevalence was detected in Turkey (61.6%) and Argentina (59.0%), while antigen prevalence was highest in Egypt (21.2%), with lower estimates in Brazil (11.8%) and Iraq (11.3%). Notably, high heterogeneity (I2 > 90%) was observed in the all-pooled estimates, indicating variations in sampling period, age, sex, sample source and types, diagnostic methods, production-system, and study quality. These findings demonstrate the widespread presence of BVDV in water buffalo populations and indicate the need for targeted control strategies to mitigate its impact on health and productivity.
Details
- Title
- Epidemiological status of bovine viral diarrhea virus in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A global systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors/Creators
- Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana - Murdoch UniversityMd Saiful Islam - Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityBelayet Hossain - Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityMieghan Bruce - Murdoch University, Centre for Biosecurity and One HealthSubir Sarker - James Cook UniversityJully Gogoi Tiwari - Murdoch University, School of Veterinary MedicineJasim Uddin - Murdoch University, Centre for Animal Production and Health
- Publication Details
- Research in Veterinary Science, Vol.210, 106298
- Publisher
- Elsevier Ltd.
- Identifiers
- 991005891652007891
- Copyright
- © 2026 The Authors.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health; Harry Butler Institute; School of Veterinary Medicine; Centre for Animal Production and Health
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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