Journal article
Establishment of normal gut microbiota is compromised under excessive hygiene conditions
PLoS ONE, Vol.6(12), e28284
2011
Abstract
Background: Early gut colonization events are purported to have a major impact on the incidence of infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in later life. Hence, factors which influence this process may have important implications for both human and animal health. Previously, we demonstrated strong influences of early-life environment on gut microbiota composition in adult pigs. Here, we sought to further investigate the impact of limiting microbial exposure during early life on the development of the pig gut microbiota. Methodology/Principal Findings: Outdoor- and indoor-reared animals, exposed to the microbiota in their natural rearing environment for the first two days of life, were transferred to an isolator facility and adult gut microbial diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. From a total of 2,196 high-quality 16S rRNA gene sequences, 440 phylotypes were identified in the outdoor group and 431 phylotypes in the indoor group. The majority of clones were assigned to the four phyla Firmicutes (67.5% of all sequences), Proteobacteria (17.7%), Bacteroidetes (13.5%) and to a lesser extent, Actinobacteria (0.1%). Although the initial maternal and environmental microbial inoculum of isolator-reared animals was identical to that of their naturally-reared littermates, the microbial succession and stabilization events reported previously in naturally-reared outdoor animals did not occur. In contrast, the gut microbiota of isolator-reared animals remained highly diverse containing a large number of distinct phylotypes. Conclusions/Significance: The results documented here indicate that establishment and development of the normal gut microbiota requires continuous microbial exposure during the early stages of life and this process is compromised under conditions of excessive hygiene.
Details
- Title
- Establishment of normal gut microbiota is compromised under excessive hygiene conditions
- Authors/Creators
- B. Schmidt (Author/Creator)I.E. Mulder (Author/Creator)C.C. Musk (Author/Creator)R.I. Aminov (Author/Creator)M. Lewis (Author/Creator)C.R. Stokes (Author/Creator)M. Bailey (Author/Creator)J.I. Prosser (Author/Creator)B.P. Gill (Author/Creator)J.R. Pluske (Author/Creator)D. Kelly (Author/Creator)
- Publication Details
- PLoS ONE, Vol.6(12), e28284
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science
- Identifiers
- 991005543413507891
- Copyright
- © 2011 Schmidt et al.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Note
- This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Citation topics
- 1 Clinical & Life Sciences
- 1.120 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases & Infections
- 1.120.384 Gut Microbiota
- Web Of Science research areas
- Microbiology
- ESI research areas
- Biology & Biochemistry