Ethyl Formate Fumigation for Control of the Scale Insect Asiacornococcus kaki, a Quarantine Pest on Sweet Persimmon, Diospyros kaki: Efficacy, Phytotoxicity and Safety

T.H. Kwon; J-H Cho; D-B Bin; G-M Kwon; K.J. Hong; Yonglin Ren; B-H Lee; M-G Park

doi:10.3390/insects14040341

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Ethyl Formate Fumigation for Control of the Scale Insect Asiacornococcus kaki, a Quarantine Pest on Sweet Persimmon, Diospyros kaki: Efficacy, Phytotoxicity and Safety

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Ethyl Formate Fumigation for Control of the Scale Insect Asiacornococcus kaki, a Quarantine Pest on Sweet Persimmon, Diospyros kaki: Efficacy, Phytotoxicity and Safety

T.H. Kwon, J-H Cho, D-B Bin, G-M Kwon, K.J. Hong, Yonglin Ren, B-H Lee and M-G Park

Insects, Vol.14(4), Art. 341

2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14040341

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Abstract

Sweet persimmons are a valuable export commodity. However, the presence of live insects such as Asiacornococcus kaki limits their access to many export markets. Methyl bromide, traditionally used for pest control, is damaging to human health and the environment. Ethyl formate (EF) is a viable alternative; however, its effectiveness against A. kaki on sweet persimmon fruit is unknown. We evaluated the effectiveness of EF fumigation in controlling A. kaki present under the calyx of persimmon fruit. The hatching rate of eggs and the survival rates of nymphs and adults of A. kaki at low temperatures, its LCt50 and LCt99 after EF exposure, and phytotoxic damage caused by EF were evaluated in laboratory-scale and commercial-scale tests. The dose–response tests showed that the EF LCt99 at 5 °C was 9.69, 42.13, and 126.13 g h m−3 for adults, nymphs, and eggs, respectively. Commercial-scale tests demonstrated EF efficacy against all A. kaki stages without causing phytotoxic effects on persimmons, though the eggs of A. kaki were not completely controlled in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)-packaged fruit. This study demonstrated that EF is a potential fumigant for quarantine pretreatment, especially before persimmon fruit is packed with LLDPE film, to control A. kaki infesting sweet persimmon fruit.

Details

Title: Ethyl Formate Fumigation for Control of the Scale Insect Asiacornococcus kaki, a Quarantine Pest on Sweet Persimmon, Diospyros kaki: Efficacy, Phytotoxicity and Safety
Authors/Creators: T.H. Kwon
J-H Cho
D-B Bin
G-M Kwon
K.J. Hong
Yonglin Ren - Murdoch University, Centre for Biosecurity and One Health
B-H Lee
M-G Park
Publication Details: Insects, Vol.14(4), Art. 341
Publisher: MDPI
Identifiers: 991005567369407891
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
Murdoch Affiliation: Centre for Biosecurity and One Health
Resource Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 3 Agriculture, Environment & Ecology; 3.32 Entomology; 3.32.1138 Botanical Insecticides
Web Of Science research areas: Entomology
ESI research areas: Plant & Animal Science