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Evaluation of inactivated avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus bivalent vaccination program against newly circulated H5N8 and NDV strains
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Evaluation of inactivated avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus bivalent vaccination program against newly circulated H5N8 and NDV strains

Ahmed A. Azab, Nahed Yehia, Mohamed Makhareta, Mahmoud Samir, Abdelrahman Shoukry, Abdelhaleem A, Sadeq K. Alhag, Afaf S. Alwabli, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, …
Poultry science, Vol.102(10), 102952
2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.102952
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Published3.64 MBDownloadView
CC BY-NC-ND V4.0,  Open Access

Abstract

Antibody titers bivalent vaccines histopathological studies poultry industry respiratory diseases
Avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are respiratory illness syndromes that have recently been detected in vaccinated flocks and are causing major financial losses in the chicken farming industry. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of Valley Vac H5Plus NDVg7 vaccine in protecting chickens against the H5N8 and NDV strains that have recently been circulating in comparison with the efficacy of the commercially available bivalent H5+ND7 vaccine. In contrast to the H5+ND7 vaccine, which was made of genetically distinct H5N8/2018 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype group (G5), H9N2/2016, H5N1/2017, and genetically comparable NDV genotype VII 1.1/2019 of the recently circulating challenge viruses, the Valley Vac H5Plus NDVg7 vaccine consisted of the recently isolated (RG HPAI H5N1 AIV/2015 Clade 2.2.1.2, RG HPAIV H5N8/2020 Clade 2.3.4.4b genotype group 6 (G6), and NDV genotype VII 1.1/2012) which were genetically similar to challenged strains. To determine the effectiveness of the Valley Vac H5Plus NDVg7 vaccine, a total of 70-day-old commercial chicks were divided into seven groups of ten birds each. Groups (G1, and G4) received Valley Vac H5Plus NDVg7 vaccine. Groups (G2, and G5) groups received commercial H5+ND7 vaccine. Whilst Groups (G3, and G6) were kept non-vaccinated, and group (G7) was kept as a non-challenged and non-vaccinated. Antibody titer was calculated at the first three weeks after vaccination, and the viral shedding titer was calculated at 3, 5, and 7 days post the challenge. Mortality and morbidity rates were monitored daily during the experiment, and for the first 10 days after the challenge, to provide an estimate of the protection rate. The results showed that a single dosage of 0.5 mL bird−1 of Valley Vac H5Plus NDVg7 vaccine provides 80% protection against both H5N8 and NDV, compared to the bivalent H5+ND7 vaccine, which provided 20% and 80% protection against H5N8 and NDV, respectively. In addition, 0.5 mL bird−1 of Valley Vac H5Plus NDVg7 vaccine produced a greater immune response against both viruses than commercial vaccination at 1-3 WPV with a significant difference at 1 WPV for H5N8 and a comparatively higher immune response for NDV. Furthermore, it reduced virus shedding of H5N8 on the third, fifth, seventh and tenth days lower than H5+ND7 vaccine with a significant difference on the third day for H5N8 and relatively lower than bivalent H5+ND7 vaccine for NDV with a significant difference on the fifth day. The Valley vaccinated group demonstrated more tissue intactness compared to the commercially vaccinated group against the H5N8 challenge, however the bivalent commercially vaccinated group showed the similar level of tissue integrity against NDV. In conclusion, Valley Vac H5Plus NDVg7 provided better protection than the commercial bivalent H5+ND7 vaccine. Additionally, in comparison to commercial vaccine, it induced a greater immune response and decreased the amount of virus shed.

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