Journal article
Exercise medicine for cancer cachexia: targeted exercise to counteract mechanisms and treatment side effects
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, Vol.148(6), pp.1389-1406
2022
Abstract
Purpose
Cancer-induced muscle wasting (i.e., cancer cachexia, CC) is a common and devastating syndrome that results in the death of more than 1 in 5 patients. Although primarily a result of elevated inflammation, there are multiple mechanisms that complement and amplify one another. Research on the use of exercise to manage CC is still limited, while exercise for CC management has been recently discouraged. Moreover, there is a lack of understanding that exercise is not a single medicine, but mode, type, dosage, and timing (exercise prescription) have distinct health outcomes. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of these modes and subtypes to identify the most optimal form and dosage of exercise therapy specific to each underlying mechanism of CC.
Methods
The relevant literatures from MEDLINE and Scopus databases were examined.
Results
Exercise can counteract the most prominent mechanisms and signs of CC including muscle wasting, increased protein turnover, systemic inflammation, reduced appetite and anorexia, increased energy expenditure and fat wasting, insulin resistance, metabolic dysregulation, gut dysbiosis, hypogonadism, impaired oxidative capacity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cancer treatments side-effects. There are different modes of exercise, and each mode has different sub-types that induce vastly diverse changes when performed over multiple sessions. Choosing suboptimal exercise modes, types, or dosages can be counterproductive and could further contribute to the mechanisms of CC without impacting muscle growth.
Conclusion
Available evidence shows that patients with CC can safely undertake higher-intensity resistance exercise programs, and benefit from increases in body mass and muscle mass.
Details
- Title
- Exercise medicine for cancer cachexia: targeted exercise to counteract mechanisms and treatment side effects
- Authors/Creators
- G. Mavropalias (Author/Creator)M. Sim (Author/Creator)D.R. Taaffe (Author/Creator)D.A. Galvão (Author/Creator)N. Spry (Author/Creator)W.J. Kraemer (Author/Creator)K. Häkkinen (Author/Creator)R.U. Newton (Author/Creator)
- Publication Details
- Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, Vol.148(6), pp.1389-1406
- Publisher
- Springer Nature
- Identifiers
- 991005543949107891
- Copyright
- © 2022 The Authors.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Murdoch University
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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Source: InCites
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Citation topics
- 1 Clinical & Life Sciences
- 1.255 Musculoskeletal Disorders
- 1.255.1761 Muscle Wasting
- Web Of Science research areas
- Oncology
- ESI research areas
- Clinical Medicine