Journal article
Fish production in small oxidation ponds
Water Research, Vol.22(10), pp.1279-1285
1988
Abstract
Four 10 m3 pilot scale, oxidation ponds linked in series were stocked with Clarias gariepinus (first three ponds) and on various occasions, combinations of Oreochromis mossambicus; Hypopthamichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio and Labeo umbratus were stocked in the fourth and last pond. During summer, O. mossambicus and C. carpio had average relative daily growth rates of 1.4 and 2.1%, respectively, while in winter both H. molitrix and L. umbratus lost weight and C. carpio grew slower. Small C. gariepinus (<2 g) grew rapidly in summer (relative daily growth rate of 5.9%), but during winter, relative daily growth rate was reduced to 0.2%. Large C. gariepinus (> 300 g) grew during summer at 0.5% body wt d-1. Extrapolated yields of 3-4 tonnes ha-1 of C. gariepinus and 2-3 tonnes ha-1 of O. mossambicus and C. carpio could be harvested from large scale oxidation pond systems. Low winter temperatures and low dissolved oxygen concentrations during spring restrict production. Mass mortality of fish occurred during summer probably due to oxygen deficiency and high unionized ammonia concentrations. Large reductions in Total Suspended Solids, Chlorophyll a and Chemical Oxygen Demand were achieved in the fourth pond though what effect fish had on these reductions was not conclusively determined. The possible role of fish in eutrophic water bodies is discussed.
Details
- Title
- Fish production in small oxidation ponds
- Authors/Creators
- T.J. Wrigley (Author/Creator) - Murdoch UniversityD.F. Toerien (Author/Creator) - National Institute of Water Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa 0001I.G. Gaigher (Author/Creator) - University of Venda
- Publication Details
- Water Research, Vol.22(10), pp.1279-1285
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Identifiers
- 991005543800707891
- Murdoch Affiliation
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Citation topics
- 3 Agriculture, Environment & Ecology
- 3.2 Marine Biology
- 3.2.116 Aquaculture Nutrition
- Web Of Science research areas
- Engineering, Environmental
- Environmental Sciences
- Water Resources
- ESI research areas
- Environment/Ecology