Journal article
Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in fires of arsenic-free treated wood: Role of organic preservatives
Environmental Science & Technology, Vol.41(18), pp.6425-6432
2007
Abstract
This article demonstrates that biocidal organochlorines such as tebuconazole and permethrin, employed in formulations of wood preservatives, produce significant quantities of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) when subjected to thermal decomposition under oxidative conditions. Both tebuconazole and permethrin form PCDD/F during gas-phase oxidation, but much greater yields occurred in the presence of surrogate ash corresponding to wood treated with copper-based fungicides. The significant yields have implications for the increased toxicity of PCDD/F emissions during fires of wood impregnated by combination of organic and copper-based preservatives. The oxidative pyrolysis of tebuconazole and permethrin over simulated wood ash generated amounts of PCDD/F exceeding those of untreated wood by 3 orders of magnitude. We obtained yields of 1000 ng WHO97-TEQ/g tebuconazole and 5500 ng WHD97-TEQ/g permethrin when reacting the organochlorines in an oxidizing atmosphere over surrogate wood ash. Gasphase oxidation also produce measurable quantities of PCDD/F, corresponding to 1 ng WHD97-TEQ/g tebuconazole and 36 ng WHD97-TEQ/g permethrin. In the case of tebuconazole, the present measurements correlate well with those obtained from oxidative pyrolysis of CBA-treated wood in the cone calorimeter. It appears that permethrin and tebuconazole provide phenyl and diphenyl precursors to formation of PCDD/F and both constitute a source of chlorine upon fragmentation.
Details
- Title
- Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in fires of arsenic-free treated wood: Role of organic preservatives
- Authors/Creators
- N.W. Tame (Author/Creator) - University of Newcastle AustraliaB.Z. Dlugogorski (Author/Creator) - University of Newcastle AustraliaE.M. Kennedy (Author/Creator) - University of Newcastle Australia
- Publication Details
- Environmental Science & Technology, Vol.41(18), pp.6425-6432
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society
- Identifiers
- 991005541820607891
- Copyright
- © 2007 American Chemical Society.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Murdoch University
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Citation topics
- 3 Agriculture, Environment & Ecology
- 3.60 Herbicides, Pesticides & Ground Poisoning
- 3.60.221 Persistent Organic Pollutants
- Web Of Science research areas
- Engineering, Environmental
- Environmental Sciences
- ESI research areas
- Environment/Ecology