Journal article
Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) by precursor pathways in oxidation of pesticide alpha-cypermethrin
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol.34(2), pp.3499-3507
2013
Abstract
This contribution assesses the oxidation of the commonly used insecticide and termiticide, alpha-cypermethrin to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F, dioxins) and their precursors, under non-catalytic vapour-phase oxidation, in a flow reactor. No soot was produced during the reaction ruling out the de novo synthesis of PCDD/F. The results span the effect of temperature (300-650°C) and fuel equivalence ratio (of 0.01-7.0), at a residence time of 1 s. XAD-2 resin trapped the PCDD/F which were identified and quantitated by high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC)-ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS). The reactor walls appear to have no noticeable effect on the initiation of the gas-phase oxidation reactions. The decomposition of alpha-cypermethrin produces two types of PCDD/F precursors, chlorinated benzenes (CBz)/chlorinated phenols (CP) and two-ring species, mainly diphenyl ether and chlorinated diphenyl ethers (CDPE). The CBz/CP precursors comprise chlorobenzene, o-, m- and p-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, phenol, 2-monochlorophenol (2-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2,4,6-TriCP, with minor amount of 2,4,5-TriCP. The highest emission factor for PCDD/F was observed at 550°C and a fuel equivalence ratio of 0.03, corresponding to 19 ng ∑TEQ-WHO2005/g of alpha-cypermethrin and the total dioxins concentration of 141 μg/g of alpha-cypermethrin. These emissions are one of the highest measured from oxidation of presently used pesticides.
Details
- Title
- Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) by precursor pathways in oxidation of pesticide alpha-cypermethrin
- Authors/Creators
- S.L. Summoogum (Author/Creator) - University of Newcastle AustraliaD. Wojtalewicz (Author/Creator) - University of Newcastle AustraliaM. Altarawneh (Author/Creator) - University of Newcastle AustraliaJ.C. Mackie (Author/Creator) - University of Newcastle AustraliaE.M. Kennedy (Author/Creator) - University of Newcastle AustraliaB.Z. Dlugogorski (Author/Creator) - University of Newcastle Australia
- Publication Details
- Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol.34(2), pp.3499-3507
- Publisher
- Elsevier Limited
- Identifiers
- 991005542845007891
- Copyright
- © 2012 The Combustion Institute.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Murdoch University
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Citation topics
- 3 Agriculture, Environment & Ecology
- 3.60 Herbicides, Pesticides & Ground Poisoning
- 3.60.221 Persistent Organic Pollutants
- Web Of Science research areas
- Energy & Fuels
- Engineering, Chemical
- Engineering, Mechanical
- Thermodynamics
- ESI research areas
- Engineering