Journal article
Genetically related Clostridium difficile from water sources and human CDI cases revealed by whole‐genome sequencing
Environmental Microbiology, Vol.24(3), pp.1221-1230
2022
Abstract
Clostridium difficile isolates from the environment are closely related to those from humans, indicating a possible environmental transmission route for C. difficile infection (CDI). In this study, C. difficile was isolated from 47.3% (53/112) of lake/pond, 23.0% (14/61) of river, 20.0% (3/15) of estuary and 0.0% (0/89) of seawater samples. The most common toxigenic strain isolated was C. difficile PCR ribotype (RT) 014/020 (10.5%, 8/76). All water isolates were susceptible to fidaxomicin, metronidazole, rifaximin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, moxifloxacin and tetracycline. Resistance to vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and meropenem was detected in 5.3% (4/76), 26.3% (20/76), 1.3% (1/76) and 6.6% (5/76) of isolates, respectively. High-resolution core-genome analysis was performed on RT 014/020 isolates of water origin and 26 clinical RT 014/020 isolates from the same year and geographical location. Notably, both human and water strains were intermixed across three sequence types (STs), 2, 13 and 49. Six closely related groups with ≤10 core-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified, five of which comprised human and water strains. Overall, 19.2% (5/26) of human strains shared a recent genomic relationship with one or more water strains. This study supports the growing hypothesis that environmental contamination by C. difficile plays a role in CDI transmission.
Details
- Title
- Genetically related Clostridium difficile from water sources and human CDI cases revealed by whole‐genome sequencing
- Authors/Creators
- S‐C Lim (Author/Creator)N.M.R. Hain‐Saunders (Author/Creator)K. Imwattana (Author/Creator) - The University of Western AustraliaP. Putsathit (Author/Creator) - Edith Cowan UniversityD.A. Collins (Author/Creator) - Edith Cowan UniversityT.V. Riley (Author/Creator) - Edith Cowan University
- Publication Details
- Environmental Microbiology, Vol.24(3), pp.1221-1230
- Publisher
- John Wiley & Sons Ltd
- Identifiers
- 991005544635007891
- Copyright
- © 2021 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Murdoch Affiliation
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
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- Citation topics
- 1 Clinical & Life Sciences
- 1.120 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases & Infections
- 1.120.1133 Clostridium Infections
- Web Of Science research areas
- Microbiology
- ESI research areas
- Environment/Ecology