Abstract
Humeral condylar fracture (HCF) can result from trauma or can occur atraumatically during normal activity. The pathogenesis of atraumatic HCF is unproven, although it is suspected to be an inherited condition of incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle (IOHC). Spaniel breeds appear to be predisposed to atraumatic HCF. Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle is bilateral in most cases, although unilateral fracture is more common than bilateral fracture. Implant failure after fracture repair and subsequent contralateral elbow fracture in dogs with IOHC are common. Radiography of both elbows of any dog that presents with an atraumatic HCF is recommended. Typical radiographic findings in dogs with IOHC are a vertical radiolucent line between the lateral and medial parts of the condyle, degenerative joint disease and periosteal proliferation on the lateral epicondylar ridge of the humerus. Prophylactic repair of non-fractured condyles with a radiographically apparent condylar fissure is recommended. Breeding of dogs affected with this condition is not recommended.