IPhytophthora/I Communities Associated with IAgathis australis/I in Te Wao Nui o Tiriwa/Waitākere Ranges, New Zealand

Shannon Hunter; Ian Horner; Jack Hosking; Ellena Carroll; Jayne Newland; Matthew Arnet; Nick Waipara; Bruce Burns; Peter Scott; Nari Williams

doi:10.3390/f15050735

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IPhytophthora/I Communities Associated with IAgathis australis/I in Te Wao Nui o Tiriwa/Waitākere Ranges, New Zealand

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

IPhytophthora/I Communities Associated with IAgathis australis/I in Te Wao Nui o Tiriwa/Waitākere Ranges, New Zealand

Shannon Hunter, Ian Horner, Jack Hosking, Ellena Carroll, Jayne Newland, Matthew Arnet, Nick Waipara, Bruce Burns, Peter Scott and Nari Williams

Forests, Vol.15(5), 735

2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f15050735

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Abstract

Ecosystems

Medical research

Medicine, Experimental

Studies of Phytophthora impact in forests generally focus on individual species without recognition that Phytophthora occur in multispecies communities. This study investigated community structure of Phytophthora species in the rhizosphere of Agathis australis (kauri) in Te Wao Nui o Tiriwa/Waitākere Ranges, New Zealand, in the context of kauri dieback disease expression. Soil sampling and tree monitoring were conducted on 767 randomly selected mature kauri trees. Phytophthora species were detected using both soil baiting and DNA metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA). Four species were detected with soil baiting (P. agathidicida, P. cinnamomi, P. multivora, and P. pseudocryptogea/P. cryptogea) and an additional three species with metabarcoding (P. kernoviae, P. cactorum/P. aleatoria and an unknown clade 7 species). Phytophthora cinnamomi was the most abundant species and was distributed throughout the forest. Both P. multivora and P. agathidicida were limited to forest edges, suggesting more recent introductions. P. agathidicida presence was strongly correlated with declining canopy health, confirming its role as the main driver of kauri dieback. The limited distribution of P. agathidicida and infrequent detections (11.0% samples) suggests that that this species is spreading as an introduced invasive pathogen and provide hope that with strategic management (including track upgrades and closures, restricting access to uninfected areas, and continual monitoring) uninfected areas of the forest can be protected. The frequent detections of P. cinnamomi and P. multivora from symptomatic trees in the absence of P. agathidicida suggest more research is needed to understand their roles in kauri forest health.

Details

Title: IPhytophthora/I Communities Associated with IAgathis australis/I in Te Wao Nui o Tiriwa/Waitākere Ranges, New Zealand
Authors/Creators: Shannon Hunter - University of Auckland
Ian Horner - Plant & Food Research
Jack Hosking - Plant & Food Research
Ellena Carroll - Plant & Food Research
Jayne Newland - Plant & Food Research
Matthew Arnet - University of Auckland
Nick Waipara - Plant & Food Research
Bruce Burns - University of Auckland
Peter Scott
Nari Williams - Plant & Food Research
Publication Details: Forests, Vol.15(5), 735
Publisher: MDPI AG
Identifiers: 991005668366907891
Murdoch Affiliation: Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 3 Agriculture, Environment & Ecology; 3.97 Plant Pathology; 3.97.1439 Phytophthora Management
Web Of Science research areas: Forestry
ESI research areas: Plant & Animal Science