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Immunological profiles of immune restoration disease presenting as mycobacterial lymphadenitis and cryptococcal meningitis
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Immunological profiles of immune restoration disease presenting as mycobacterial lymphadenitis and cryptococcal meningitis

D.B.A. Tan, Y.K. Yong, H.Y. Tan, A. Kamarulzaman, L.H. Tan, A. Lim, I. James, M. French and P. Price
HIV Medicine, Vol.9(5), pp.307-316
2008
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Abstract

Objectives: A proportion of HIV patients beginning antiretroviral therapy (ART) develop immune restoration disease (IRD). Immunological characteristics of IRD were investigated in a cohort of HIV patients beginning therapy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at weeks 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 of ART from five patients experiencing IRD [two with cryptococcal and three with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) disease], eight non-IRD controls who had begun ART with CD4 T-cell counts of <100 cells/μL and 17 healthy controls. Leukocytes producing interferon-gamma (IFNγ) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunospot assay after stimulation with purified protein derivative (PPD), early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6), Cryptococcus neoformans or Cytomegalovirus antigens. Plasma immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies reactive with these antigens were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Proportions of activated (HLA-DR hi) and regulatory (CD25 CD127 lo and CTLA-4 +) CD4 T-cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Results: Plasma HIV RNA declined andCD4 T-cell counts rose within 8-27 weeks on ART. Mtb IRD patients displayed elevated IFNγ responses and/or plasma IgG to PPD, but none responded to ESAT-6. Cryptococcal IRD occurred in patients with low baseline CD4 T-cell counts and involved clear IFNγ and antibody responses to cryptococcal antigen. Proportions of activated and regulatory CD4 T-cells declined on ART, but remained higher in patients than in healthy controls. At the time of IRD, proportions of activated CD4 T-cells and regulatory CD4 T-cells were generally elevated relative to other patients. Conclusions: Cryptococcal and Mtb IRD generally coincide with peaks in the proportion of activated T-cells, pathogen-specific IFNγ responses and reactive plasma IgG. IRD does not reflect a paucity of regulatory CD4 T-cells.

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
International collaboration
Citation topics
1 Clinical & Life Sciences
1.194 Tuberculosis & Leprosy
1.194.273 TB Diagnostics & Treatment
Web Of Science research areas
Infectious Diseases
ESI research areas
Immunology
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