Integrated Approaches to Invasive Fruit Fly Disinfestation: Ethyl Formate Fumigation and Cold Treatment for Bactrocera scutellata as a Surrogate in Korea

Dongbin Kim; Tae Hyung Kwon; Bongsu Kim; Gi-Myeon Kwon; Sung-Eun Lee; Byung-Ho Lee

doi:10.3390/insects16070658

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Integrated Approaches to Invasive Fruit Fly Disinfestation: Ethyl Formate Fumigation and Cold Treatment for Bactrocera scutellata as a Surrogate in Korea

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Integrated Approaches to Invasive Fruit Fly Disinfestation: Ethyl Formate Fumigation and Cold Treatment for Bactrocera scutellata as a Surrogate in Korea

Dongbin Kim, Tae Hyung Kwon, Bongsu Kim, Gi-Myeon Kwon, Sung-Eun Lee and Byung-Ho Lee

Insects (Basel, Switzerland), Vol.16(7), 658

2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16070658

PMID: 40725290

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Abstract

ethyl formate

phytosanitary treatment

fruit fly

Bactrocera scutellata

The oriental fruit fly (B. dorsalis) poses a critical threat to domestic mandarin trade, necessitating effective phytosanitary measures. This study evaluated ethyl formate (EF) and phosphine (PH3) fumigation as alternative disinfestation methods, either alone or in combination with cold treatment, using B. scutellata, pumpkin fruit fly, as a surrogate species. Eggs and third-instar larvae were tested under both naked and inoculated conditions. Results indicated that larvae were more susceptible to treatment than eggs. The LT99% values for cold treatment (1.7 °C) were 8.6 and 12.4 days under naked and inoculated conditions, respectively. EF LCt99% values were 265.7 and 1111.0 g h/m3. EF (LCt50%) combined with PH3 (1.0 g/m3) achieved up to 100% mortality, while EF (LCt50%) followed by cold treatment (1.7 °C for 1–3 days) significantly enhanced mortality compared to cold treatment alone. This study offers foundational data to optimize EF-based quarantine treatments against B. dorsalis, supporting shorter treatment times and more cost-effective quarantine practices. Future studies should validate these findings under practical field conditions.

Details

Title: Integrated Approaches to Invasive Fruit Fly Disinfestation: Ethyl Formate Fumigation and Cold Treatment for Bactrocera scutellata as a Surrogate in Korea
Authors/Creators: Dongbin Kim - Gyeongsang National University
Tae Hyung Kwon - Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
Bongsu Kim - Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency
Gi-Myeon Kwon - Biological Utilization Institute, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
Sung-Eun Lee - Kyungpook National University
Byung-Ho Lee - College of Environmental and Life Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
Publication Details: Insects (Basel, Switzerland), Vol.16(7), 658
Publisher: MDPI
Number of pages: 11
Grant note: PQ20224B012-SP / Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency
Identifiers: 991005799070807891
Murdoch Affiliation: College of Environmental and Life Sciences
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 3 Agriculture, Environment & Ecology; 3.32 Entomology; 3.32.1138 Botanical Insecticides
Web Of Science research areas: Entomology
ESI research areas: Plant & Animal Science