Integrating Serological and Genomic Data to Elucidate Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Diversity in Cattle from Bangladesh

Nasrin Sultana Tonu; Sajedul Hayat; Shukes Chandra Badhy; Salima Ferdows; Md. Golam Azam Chowdhury; Babu Kanti Nath; Md Safiul Alam Bhuiyan; Muhammad Jasim Uddin; Suman Das Gupta; Subir Sarker

doi:10.3390/v17081126

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Integrating Serological and Genomic Data to Elucidate Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Diversity in Cattle from Bangladesh

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Integrating Serological and Genomic Data to Elucidate Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Diversity in Cattle from Bangladesh

Nasrin Sultana Tonu, Sajedul Hayat, Shukes Chandra Badhy, Salima Ferdows, Md. Golam Azam Chowdhury, Babu Kanti Nath, Md Safiul Alam Bhuiyan, Muhammad Jasim Uddin, Suman Das Gupta and Subir Sarker

Viruses, Vol.17(8), 1126

2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v17081126

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Abstract

lumpy skin disease virus

seroprevalence

whole-genome sequencing

phylogenetics

cattle

emerging transboundary disease

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a transboundary pathogen threatening cattle health in South and Southeast Asia, presents growing challenges for disease control. This study combined serological, molecular, and genomic approaches to investigate LSDV in Barura Upazila, Bangladesh. Serological screening of 424 cattle using a commercial ELISA revealed a high seroprevalence of 55.5% (95% CI: 50.7–60.3), indicating widespread exposure. Although differences were observed by age and breed, no significant associations were found with seropositivity, suggesting broad regional circulation. Real-time PCR confirmed LSDV DNA in all 20 clinically infected animals, with consistent P32 gene amplification. Two samples with low Cq values underwent whole-genome sequencing. The complete genomes of LSDV-L2/2024 and LSDV-L3/2024 showed >99.6% identity with the reference strain LSDV-29, yet carried unique genomic features, including truncated or variant ORFs and immune-related gene differences. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA polymerase gene revealed distinct clustering: L2/2024 aligned with South Asian isolates, while L3/2024 grouped with strains from Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. These results highlight co-circulation of genetically diverse strains and possible cross-regional introductions. Overall, our findings underscore the evolutionary plasticity of LSDV and the critical need for ongoing genomic surveillance to guide targeted vaccine development and disease control strategies.

Details

Title: Integrating Serological and Genomic Data to Elucidate Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Diversity in Cattle from Bangladesh
Authors/Creators: Nasrin Sultana Tonu - Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute
Sajedul Hayat - Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute
Shukes Chandra Badhy - Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute
Salima Ferdows - Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute
Md. Golam Azam Chowdhury - Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute
Babu Kanti Nath - Charles Sturt University
Md Safiul Alam Bhuiyan - Universiti of Malaysia Sabah
Muhammad Jasim Uddin - Murdoch University, Centre for Animal Production and Health
Suman Das Gupta
Subir Sarker - La Trobe University
Publication Details: Viruses, Vol.17(8), 1126
Publisher: MDPI
Number of pages: 15
Identifiers: 991005810049907891
Murdoch Affiliation: Harry Butler Institute; School of Veterinary Medicine; Centre for Animal Production and Health
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 1 Clinical & Life Sciences; 1.161 Virology - Identification & Sequencing; 1.161.1662 Poxvirus Immunology
Web Of Science research areas: Virology
ESI research areas: Microbiology