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Investigating the effects of mycoprotein and guar gum on postprandial glucose in type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomised controlled trial
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Investigating the effects of mycoprotein and guar gum on postprandial glucose in type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomised controlled trial

Anna Cherta-Murillo, Kexin Zhou, Martina Tashkova, James Frampton, Ana Cláudia Cepas de Oliveira, Claire Ho, Georgia Franco-Becker, Edward S Chambers, Anne Dornhorst and Gary S Frost
Nutrition & diabetes, Vol.15(1), 23
2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-025-00375-w
PMID: 40410155
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Open Access CC BY V4.0

Abstract

Adult Aged Animals Appetite - drug effects Asian People Blood Glucose - drug effects Blood Glucose - metabolism Chickens Cross-Over Studies Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diet therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - ethnology Double-Blind Method Female Galactans - administration & dosage Galactans - pharmacology Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood Humans Insulin - blood Male Mannans - administration & dosage Mannans - pharmacology Middle Aged Plant Gums - administration & dosage Plant Gums - pharmacology Postprandial Period - drug effects White People
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is highly prevalent, particularly among south Asian populations, and diet is the first-line strategy to manage postprandial glucose (PG) response. Mycoprotein and guar gum reduce PG in normo-glycaemic people. This study investigates the independent and interactive effects of mycoprotein and guar gum on PG, insulin and appetite responses in white Europeans and south Asians with T2D. In this double-blind, crossover, acute, randomised controlled trial, 18 subjects with T2D (10 white European, 8 south Asian) completed six separate visits consuming soy, chicken, and mycoprotein with and without guar gum. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC ) for PG, insulin, and appetite scores, and total AUC glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), as well as ad libitum energy intake and 48h-post-visit energy intake were measured and analysed by linear mixed models with protein, guar gum and ethnicity as fixed effects. We found independent effects of mycoprotein, guar gum and ethnicity on PG iAUC (mmol/L·min), where mycoprotein reduced PG vs. chicken (-129.84 [95% CI -203.16, -56.51]; p = 0.002), guar gum reduced PG vs. no guar gum (-197.35 [95% CI -254.30, -140.40; p < 0.001], and south Asian had increased PG vs. white Europeans (195.75 [95% CI 66.14, 325.35]; p = 0.005). An interaction between guar gum and ethnicity (p < 0.015) was found for insulin iAUC (µUI/mL·min), with guar gum lowering insulin responses in south Asian participants (-1909.69 [95% CI -2834.83, -984.511]; p < 0.001). No independent or interactive effects were observed for appetite-related outcomes. Mycoprotein and guar gum promote significant independent effects in lowering PG in both white European and south Asians with T2D.

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