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Journal article
Longitudinal study on immunologic, lipoproteomic, and inflammatory responses indicates the safety of sequential COVID-19 vaccination
Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), Vol.103, pp.421-433
2025
PMID: 40074874
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines are crucial in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and severe health outcomes. Despite widespread administration, their long-term systemic effects on human metabolism remain inadequately understood. This longitudinal study aims to evaluate IgG responses, 34 cytokines, 112 lipoproteins, and 21 low-molecular-weight metabolites in 33 individuals receiving two to four COVID-19 vaccine doses. Changes in metabolic profiles for the first 16 days post each dose of vaccine, and up to 480 days post-initial dose, were compared to baseline (before vaccination). Additionally, metabolic profiles of vaccinated participants were compared to a reference cohort of unvaccinated individuals without prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection (controls) and SARS-CoV-2 cases. Positive IgG responses were observed in 78.8% (N = 26) of participants after the first dose, reaching 100% with subsequent doses. The most common side effects were localized pain at the injection site and "flu-like" symptoms, reported by > 50% of participants. Systemic side effects, e.g., sore lymph nodes, fatigue, and brain fog, were reported but showed no significant correlations to IgG responses. Transient temporal changes were observed for cytokine IP10 (CXCL10) and glutamic acid around the third vaccine dose. Compared to the reference cohort, 497 vaccinated samples (95.0%) had profiles similar to the controls, while the remaining 26 samples with prior infection exposures were similar to mild cases of SARS-CooV-2 infection. In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccination did not induce lasting changes in inflammatory and metabolic responses, nor did it induce changes similar to mild cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This supports the metabolic safety of the vaccine and contributes to increased vaccine confidence. KEY MESSAGES: Minimal changes in inflammatory/metabolic markers up to 480 days post-vaccination. Transient increase in IP10 (CXCL10) and glutamic acid around the third dose. Post-vaccination IgG response did not alter metabolic profiles like SARS-CoV-2 cases. Our findings provide insights into the safety of repeated COVID-19 vaccinations.
Key messages
• Minimal changes in inflammatory/metabolic markers up to 480 days post-vaccination.
• Transient increase in IP10 (CXCL10) and glutamic acid around the third dose.
• Post-vaccination IgG response did not alter metabolic profiles like SARS-CoV-2 cases.
• Our findings provide insights into the safety of repeated COVID-19 vaccinations.
Details
- Title
- Longitudinal study on immunologic, lipoproteomic, and inflammatory responses indicates the safety of sequential COVID-19 vaccination
- Authors/Creators
- Jurissa Lang - Murdoch UniversityAndres Bernal - Murdoch UniversityJulien Wist - Murdoch UniversitySiobhon Egan - Murdoch UniversitySze How Bong - Murdoch UniversityOscar Millet - Euskadiko Parke TeknologikoaMonique Ryan - Murdoch UniversityAude-Claire Lee - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, AustraliaDrew Hall - Murdoch UniversityPhilipp Nitschke - Murdoch UniversityReika Masuda - Murdoch UniversityAllison Imrie - The University of Western AustraliaElaine Holmes - Murdoch University, Centre for Computational and Systems MedicineJeremy Nicholson - Imperial College LondonRuey Leng Loo - Murdoch University
- Publication Details
- Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), Vol.103, pp.421-433
- Publisher
- SPRINGER HEIDELBERG; HEIDELBERG
- Number of pages
- 13
- Grant note
- PID2021-124171OB-I00 / Agencia Estatal de Investigación 2014349 / Western Australian State Government, and the MRFF
- Identifiers
- 991005753833007891
- Copyright
- © The Author(s) 2025
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Australian National Phenome Centre; School of Agricultural Sciences; Health Futures Institute; Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
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- Citation topics
- 2 Chemistry
- 2.211 Mass Spectrometry
- 2.211.990 Metabolomics
- Web Of Science research areas
- Genetics & Heredity
- Medicine, Research & Experimental
- ESI research areas
- Clinical Medicine