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Published (Version of Record)CC BY-NC V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Macro and micro diversity of Clostridium difficile isolates from diverse sources and geographical locations
PLoS ONE, Vol.7(3), e31559
2012
Abstract
Clostridium difficile has emerged rapidly as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease, with the temporal and geographical appearance of dominant PCR ribotypes such as 017, 027 and 078. Despite this continued threat, we have a poor understanding of how or why particular variants emerge and the sources of strains that dominate different human populations. We have undertaken a breadth genotyping study using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of 385 C. difficile strains from diverse sources by host (human, animal and food), geographical locations (North America, Europe and Australia) and PCR ribotypes. Results identified 18 novel sequence types (STs) and 3 new allele sequences and confirmed the presence of five distinct clonal lineages generally associated with outbreaks of C. difficile infection in humans. Strains of animal and food origin were found of both ST-1 and ST-11 that are frequently associated with human disease. An in depth MLST analysis of the evolutionary distant ST-11/PCR ribotype 078 clonal lineage revealed that ST-11 can be found in alternative but closely related PCR ribotypes and PCR ribotype 078 alleles contain mutations generating novel STs. PCR ribotype 027 and 017 lineages may consist of two divergent subclades. Furthermore evidence of microdiversity was present within the heterogeneous clade 1. This study helps to define the evolutionary origin of dominant C. difficile lineages and demonstrates that C. difficile is continuing to evolve in concert with human activity.
Details
- Title
- Macro and micro diversity of Clostridium difficile isolates from diverse sources and geographical locations
- Authors/Creators
- N. Ahmed (Author/Creator)R.A. Stabler (Author/Creator) - London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineL.F. Dawson (Author/Creator) - London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineE. Valiente (Author/Creator) - London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineM.D. Cairns (Author/Creator) - London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineM.J. Martin (Author/Creator) - London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineE.H. Donahue (Author/Creator) - London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineT.V. Riley (Author/Creator) - The University of Western AustraliaJ.G. Songer (Author/Creator) - Iowa State UniversityE.J. Kuijper (Author/Creator) - Leiden University Medical CenterK.E. Dingle (Author/Creator) - John Radcliffe HospitalB.W. Wren (Author/Creator) - London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
- Publication Details
- PLoS ONE, Vol.7(3), e31559
- Identifiers
- 991005541008107891
- Copyright
- © 2012 Stabler et al
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Murdoch University
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
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- Citation topics
- 1 Clinical & Life Sciences
- 1.120 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases & Infections
- 1.120.1133 Clostridium Infections
- Web Of Science research areas
- Microbiology
- ESI research areas
- Microbiology