Molecular analysis of cryptosporidiosis cases in Western Australia in 2019 and 2020 supports the occurrence of two swimming pool associated outbreaks and reveals the emergence of a rare C. hominis IbA12G3 subtype

K. Braima; A. Zahedi; S. Egan; J. Austen; L. Xiao; Y. Feng; B. Witham; N. Pingault; S. Perera; C. Oskam; S. Reid; U. Ryan

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104859

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Molecular analysis of cryptosporidiosis cases in Western Australia in 2019 and 2020 supports the occurrence of two swimming pool associated outbreaks and reveals the emergence of a rare C. hominis IbA12G3 subtype

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Molecular analysis of cryptosporidiosis cases in Western Australia in 2019 and 2020 supports the occurrence of two swimming pool associated outbreaks and reveals the emergence of a rare C. hominis IbA12G3 subtype

K. Braima, A. Zahedi, S. Egan, J. Austen, L. Xiao, Y. Feng, B. Witham, N. Pingault, S. Perera, C. Oskam, …

Infection, Genetics and Evolution, Vol.92, Article 104859

2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104859

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Abstract

Cryptosporidium is an important protozoan parasite and due to its resistance to chlorine is a major cause of swimming pool-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks. The present study combined contact tracing and molecular techniques to analyse cryptosporidiosis cases and outbreaks in Western Australia in 2019 and 2020. In the 2019 outbreak, subtyping at the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene identified 89.0% (16/18) of samples were caused by the C. hominis IdA15G1 subtype. Amplicon next generation sequencing (NGS) at the gp60 locus identified five C. hominis IdA15G1 subtype samples that also had C. hominis IdA14 subtype DNA, while multi locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis on a subset (n = 14) of C. hominis samples identified three IdA15G1 samples with a 6 bp insertion at the end of the trinucleotide repeat region of the cp47 gene. In 2020, 88.0% (73/83) of samples typed were caused by the relatively rare C. hominis subtype IbA12G3. Four mixed infections were observed by NGS with three IdA15G1/ IdA14 mixtures and one C. parvum IIaA18G3R1 sample mixed with IIaA16G3R1. No genetic diversity using MLST was detected. Epidemiological and molecular data indicates that the outbreaks in 2019 and 2020 were each potentially from swimming pool point sources and a new C. hominis subtype IbA12G3 is emerging in Australia. The findings of the present study are important for understanding the introduction and transmission of rare Cryptosporidium subtypes to vulnerable populations.

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Title: Molecular analysis of cryptosporidiosis cases in Western Australia in 2019 and 2020 supports the occurrence of two swimming pool associated outbreaks and reveals the emergence of a rare C. hominis IbA12G3 subtype
Authors/Creators: K. Braima (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
A. Zahedi (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
S. Egan (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
J. Austen (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
L. Xiao (Author/Creator) - South China Agricultural University
Y. Feng (Author/Creator) - South China Agricultural University
B. Witham (Author/Creator) - Government of Western Australia Department of Health
N. Pingault (Author/Creator) - Government of Western Australia Department of Health
S. Perera (Author/Creator) - Western Diagnostic Pathology, Perth, Western Australia 6154, Australia.
C. Oskam (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
S. Reid (Author/Creator) - The University of Queensland
U. Ryan (Author/Creator) - Murdoch University
Publication Details: Infection, Genetics and Evolution, Vol.92, Article 104859
Publisher: Elsevier
Identifiers: 991005543540007891
Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Murdoch Affiliation: Centre for Biosecurity and One Health; Harry Butler Institute
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 1 Clinical & Life Sciences; 1.246 Diarrheal Diseases; 1.246.985 Cryptosporidium
Web Of Science research areas: Infectious Diseases
ESI research areas: Molecular Biology & Genetics