Molecular and pathological screening of the current circulation of fowlpox and pigeon pox virus in backyard birds

Rania I. Mohamed; Hanaa A. Elsamadony; Rana A. Alghamdi; Asmaa lbrahim Abdelaziz Zin ELdin; Ahmed EL-Shemy; Sameh Abdel-Moez Amer; Safia M.A. Bahshwan; Mohamed T. El-Saadony; Hemat S. El-Sayed; Khaled A. El-Tarabily; Aalaa S. Saad

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2024.104249

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Molecular and pathological screening of the current circulation of fowlpox and pigeon pox virus in backyard birds

Rania I. Mohamed, Hanaa A. Elsamadony, Rana A. Alghamdi, Asmaa lbrahim Abdelaziz Zin ELdin, Ahmed EL-Shemy, Sameh Abdel-Moez Amer, Safia M.A. Bahshwan, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Hemat S. El-Sayed, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, …

Poultry science, 104249

2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104249

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Abstract

backyards

fowlpox

molecular characterization

pathological change

pock lesion

Avian pox is a disease that has devastating impacts on both poultry and wild bird species. Avian pox is caused by various strains of avipoxviruses (APV). Nevertheless, the virus has been detected in pigeons and chickens that are raised in backyard areas, leading to substantial financial damage for small-scale producers. There is a lack of comprehensive information regarding the transmission of APV among birds in the backyards and residential areas. Hence, the present investigation closely monitored and observed APV in domesticated birds residing in backyard areas, with the aim of impeding the transmission of the virus to nearby poultry farms. In 2023, a total of fifty backyard flocks were surveyed for the presence of avian pox disease. Fourteen pigeons and 2 chickens in the backyards exhibited warty nodular lesions on their heads and nonfeathered body parts. APV was confirmed in nodular lesions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and genetic sequencing. All samples from the lesions showed successful amplification of the P4b locus (core protein p4b). Four confirmed samples were tested for pathogenicity on the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Histopathological examination revealed ballooning degeneration and numerous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger bodies) in the ectoderm of the infected CAM. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains clustered into main clade A, with 11 in subclade A2 and 5 in subclade A1. Amino acid identity showed 100% similarity between the vaccine (fowlpox/VSVEI/Egypt) and some detected strains (PP537574 and PP537575). In addition, the PP537576.1 to PP537580.1 and PP537582.1 to PP537585.1 had 2-point mutations compared to the fowlpox/VSVEI/Egypt vaccine. The overall finding of low biosecurity levels in the investigated backyard birds emphasizes the significance of establishing sanitary measures and control vectors to reduce virus transmission routes and disease severity. In conclusion, it is necessary to emphasize the tracking of APVs in backyard birds. Concurrently, we advised enhancing hygiene protocols, vector management, and subsequent vaccination to restrict the occurrence of APV outbreaks and prevent their transmission to neighboring poultry farms. Furthermore, it is crucial to incorporate molecular studies in order to enhance the vaccine seeds for disease management.

Details

Title: Molecular and pathological screening of the current circulation of fowlpox and pigeon pox virus in backyard birds
Authors/Creators: Rania I. Mohamed - Department of Pathology, ‏Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute- Mansoura Provincial Laboratory (AHRI-Mansoura), Egypt
Hanaa A. Elsamadony - Department of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
Rana A. Alghamdi - King Abdulaziz University
Asmaa lbrahim Abdelaziz Zin ELdin - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Egypt
Ahmed EL-Shemy - Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Egypt
Sameh Abdel-Moez Amer - Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Egypt
Safia M.A. Bahshwan - King Abdulaziz University
Mohamed T. El-Saadony - Zagazig University
Hemat S. El-Sayed - Department of Poultry Diseases, Benha-Branch Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute, Egypt
Khaled A. El-Tarabily - Benha University
Aalaa S. Saad - Department of Biotechnology
Publication Details: Poultry science, 104249
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.
Identifiers: 991005701367007891
Murdoch Affiliation: Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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