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Journal article
National genomic survey of drug-resistance and multi-jurisdictional clusters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Australia 2015–2023
The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, Vol.73, 101928
2026
PMID: 42541282
Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis is a global public health priority. In Australia, genomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) occurs at state or territory level, thus multijurisdictional genomics of Mtb remains poorly understood. We present the first national assessment of Mtb using nine years of genomic data from all Australian jurisdictions, as a part of the Australian Pathogen Genomics program.
Methods
Our national Mtb sequence dataset spanned 2015–2023 and represented culture-confirmed cases. AusTrakka was optimised to allow secure, national contribution of Mtb genomes and metadata. Drug resistance was determined using tbtamr, and genomic clusters were identified via hierarchical single linkage clustering (5 SNPs) from pairwise SNP distances. Criteria were established to identify clusters of national public health significance.
Findings
We analysed 6616 Mtb sequences, representing 59% of notified cases nationwide. Lineages 1–4 were detected, with lineage 2 the most prevalent and drug resistant. At the 5-SNP threshold, 373 genomic (17% of sequences) clusters were identified, with 48 (13%) clusters identified as nationally significant. Critically, 31 genomic clusters spanned multiple jurisdictions and persisted for >5 years. Genomic analysis inferred low rates of Mtb drug resistance in Australia.
Interpretation
This first-of-a-kind study on genomic diversity of Mtb in Australia highlighted the benefits of national aggregation and analysis of Mtb sequencing data. It identified multi-jurisdictional clusters which, on average, persisted longer than clusters within jurisdictions. We also established the framework and infrastructure for implementing national coordination, detection, and surveillance of priority clusters to enhance tuberculosis control in Australia.
Funding
Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Medical Research Futures Fund (FSPGN00049).
Details
- Title
- National genomic survey of drug-resistance and multi-jurisdictional clusters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Australia 2015–2023
- Authors/Creators
- Jessica R. Webb - The University of MelbourneEby Sim - The University of SydneyKristy Horan - The University of MelbourneCaitlin Selway - South Australia PathologyPatiyan Andersson - The University of MelbourneSusan Moss - Queensland HealthStanley Pang - Murdoch University, School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic SciencesArnold Bainomugisa - Queensland HealthAlireza Zahedi - Queensland HealthJustin T. Denholm - The University of MelbourneElena Martinez - New South Wales Department of HealthSushil Pandey - Queensland HealthMaria Globan - Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryTaryn Crighton - New South Wales Department of HealthElla M. Meumann - Charles Darwin UniversityDimitrios Menouhos - Royal Darwin HospitalRobert W. Baird - Royal Darwin HospitalNorelle L. Sherry - The University of MelbourneKarina Kennedy - Australian National UniversityLouise Cooley - Royal Hobart HospitalLex Leong - South Australia PathologyClare Slogget - The University of MelbourneTorsten Seemann - The University of MelbourneChristopher Coulter - Queensland HealthAmy V. Jennison - Queensland HealthVitali Sintchenko - The University of SydneyBenjamin P. Howden - The University of MelbourneAustralian Pathogen Genomics program
- Publication Details
- The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, Vol.73, 101928
- Publisher
- Elsevier Ltd.
- Identifiers
- 991005909776507891
- Copyright
- © 2026 The Author(s).
- Murdoch Affiliation
- Murdoch University; School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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