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Journal article
Ocular changes as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's & dementia, Vol.21(8), e70476
2025
PMID: 40851106
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. AD diagnosis often involves a thorough assessment, including clinical evaluation, cognitive testing, medical history examination, genetic testing, and biomarker analysis. Currently, the invasive nature and high costs of biomarker testing, such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis and neuroimaging, have limited the early detection and intervention of the disease. Therefore, researchers have explored cheaper and less invasive options, such as ocular imaging. This review discusses the close relationship between the eye and the central nervous system and ocular changes as a potential non-invasive AD biomarker. Ocular changes in AD have frequently been reported in the literature, particularly in the later stages of the disease. However, identifying biomarkers specifically attributable to AD remains a challenge. Additionally, this review provides a comprehensive overview of existing studies and highlights potential pathways for enhancing AD detection through ocular structural and functional evaluation.
Highlights
Widespread screening for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is limited by cost and time constraints with current methods.
Non-invasive and inexpensive methods are needed to overcome these difficulties.
The eye is readily accessible and has shared developmental origins, neurobiology, and neurochemistry with the brain.
The expanding field of ocular biomarker studies needs larger, well-characterized cohorts and longitudinal studies to understand the ocular changes for preclinical AD screening.
Standards should be established for more methodical investigative approaches to identify ocular biomarkers that are specifically attributable to AD.
Details
- Title
- Ocular changes as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
- Authors/Creators
- Purna Chandra Poudel - Australian Alzheimer’s Research FoundationShaun M. Frost - Australian e-Health Research CentreShaun Eslick - Macquarie UniversityHamid R. Sohrabi - Murdoch UniversityKevin Taddei - Australian Alzheimer’s Research FoundationEugene Hone - Edith Cowan UniversityRalph N Martins - Macquarie University
- Publication Details
- Alzheimer's & dementia, Vol.21(8), e70476
- Publisher
- Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.
- Identifiers
- 991005808745307891
- Copyright
- © 2025 The Author(s).
- Murdoch Affiliation
- School of Psychology; Centre for Healthy Ageing; Health Futures Institute
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
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